B16-Test Beamline
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[36299, 34545]
Open Access
Abstract: This study investigates the lattice strain induced by Ge:Sb alloy films on Ge substrates. Metastable films are formed by UV pulsed laser melting (PLM) of a Sb-coated Ge substrate. We fabricate thin Ge:Sb layers, systematically varying processing parameters and crystal orientation to study strain and strain-relaxation-induced defects. High-resolution X-Ray diffraction and electrical characterization revealed extremely high strain values as well as ultra-low resistivity induced by Sb. Maximum strain before the onset of strain relaxation was found to depend on crystal orientation with the Ge (1 1 1) orientation yielding the highest strain values. By combining structural as well as electrical information, we estimated Sb contribution to lattice expansion, separating electronically active from inactive fractions. Strain optimization was applied to an innovative application that is the production of bent crystals for high energy particle beam deflection and radiation production. Bending tests on thin Ge substrates confirmed the method, with controlled PLM processing allowing inducing quantifiable curvature with smallest achievable radii of 4.5 m. Exploiting non-equilibrium doping/alloying to exceed equilibrium Sb solubility is promising for applications ranging from ultra-low-resistivity layers in scaled nano-electronic devices to bent crystals for advanced systems like crystal-based undulators, enabling new approaches to high-energy photon production.
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Jun 2026
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I15-1-X-ray Pair Distribution Function (XPDF)
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[345501]
Open Access
Abstract: The Ga₂S₃–Sb₂S₃ quasi-binary system has been investigated for its potential to yield stable chalcogenide glasses with tailored thermal and structural properties. Using melt-quenching techniques, a series of (Ga₂S₃)ₓ(Sb₂S₃)₁₋ₓ compositions (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were synthesized, and their glass-forming domain was mapped. The latter extends up to approximately x ≤ 0.40, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and DSC analyses, with the x = 0.4 composition exhibiting a glass-ceramic character. Density measurements, combined with calculations of molar volume and packing density, revealed a continuous structural densification as Ga₂S₃ content increased. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), with the best thermal stability observed for x = 0.2, as assessed by the Hruby criterion. Electrical conductivity measurements demonstrated thermally activated behaviour following the Arrhenius law, with maximum activation energy also centred at x = 0.2. Raman spectroscopy and DFT modelling were used to decipher the structural contributions of Sb–S and Ga–S bonding. The emergence of vibrational modes characteristic of Ga-based structural units, especially beyond x > 0.2, suggests a structural reorganization from Sb-centred pyramidal units to Ga-centred tetrahedral. This was corroborated by high-energy X-ray diffraction, which showed significant changes in intermediate-range order with increasing Ga content, particularly in the first sharp diffraction peak and partial coordination environments.
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Apr 2026
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I24-Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography
Detectors
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John
Matheson
,
Danny
Axford
,
Anna
Bergamaschi
,
Maria
Carulla
,
Nicholas
Devenish
,
Noemi
Frisina
,
Viktoria
Hinger
,
Vadym
Kedych
,
Christopher
Lane
,
Aldo
Mozzanica
,
Eva
Gimenez-Navarro
,
James
O'Hea
,
Dominic
Oram
,
Robin L.
Owen
,
David
Perl
,
Adam
Prescott
,
Bernd
Schmitt
,
Shane
Scully
,
Adam
Taylor
,
Gary
Yendell
,
Graeme
Winter
Open Access
Abstract: A Jungfrau-1M detector has undergone testing at Diamond Light Source. The Jungfrau series of detectors from PSI use integration and adaptive gain, to offer very high frame rate and dynamic range, suitable for high-flux and time-resolved measurements. They are becoming more widely used, to take advantage of increasing light source brightness. We report on our experiences in testing the performance of a Jungfrau-1M without illumination, with a laboratory X-ray tube and on a microfocus beamline. The Jungfrau-1M was found to be able to resolve single photons in the laboratory and on the beamline. It was confirmed that range switching from high to intermediate gain is associated with a discontinuity in the detector response. Two methods of dark frame subtraction were compared for their effect on minimizing this discontinuity. The Jungfrau-1M was found to be very effective for recording macromolecular crystallography diffraction patterns, with no apparent detriment from the discontinuity. The Diamond machine will be upgraded in 2028–9 and will operate at significantly higher flux than at present, necessitating increased use of integrating detectors, such as Jungfrau, in the future.
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Mar 2026
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B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[40142]
Open Access
Abstract: Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert mechanical energy into electrical signals, have emerged as apromising platform for self-powered motion sensing. However, the development of high-sensitivity TENG sensors remains limited by the availability of tunable and efficient tribo-positive materials, which are electron donors. In this work, we present a material design strategy based on the incorporation of electron-donating functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) fillers into a polyurethane (PU) polymer matrix. Three functional groups (−CH3, −NH2, and −OH) were systematically studied to investigate their influence on triboelectric performance. The resulting composite membranes demonstrated tunable charge-donating behavior and improved electrical output, with the −OH-modified MOF yielding the highest electrical output of 197.6 ± 1.3 V and 0.47 ± 0.08 μA/cm2, which are 2.3 and 3.2 times higher than that of the pristine PU. The enhanced charge-donating mechanism was elucidated through a combination of advanced micro- and nanoscale chemical and mechanical analysis. Theoretical calculations employing ab initio density functional theory (DFT) were performed to reveal the electron distribution within the periodic MOF structure. Furthermore, the practical application of the optimized TENG device was demonstrated in a single-electrode shear sensor configuration, exhibiting high sensitivity in sliding motion detection. This study highlights a scalable and biocompatible strategy for improving tribo-positive materials and advancing the performance of tunable TENG-based sensors to enable shear force monitoring.
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Mar 2026
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I07-Surface & interface diffraction
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Yuyun
Yao
,
Mustafeez Bashir
Shah
,
Wanpeng
Lu
,
Xian'E
Li
,
Rushil
Vasant
,
Zeinab
Hamid
,
Keren
Ai
,
Junfu
Tian
,
Maryam
Alsufyani
,
Jonathan
Rawle
,
Malina
Gaşpar
,
Qingpei
Wan
,
Rachael
Found
,
Wesley
Chen
,
Tomaž
Kotnik
,
Thuc-Quyen
Nguyen
,
Achilleas
Savva
,
James
Durrant
,
Iain
Mcculloch
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[39430]
Open Access
Abstract: The development of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) critically depends on the design and characterization of mixed-conducting, high-performance conjugated polymers (CPs) as channel materials, particularly for n-type OECTs. In this study, we present a novel strategy to enhance the OECT performance of a semiconducting polymer film via a postdeposition ester pyrolysis of thermally cleavable side chains, thus facilitating ion incorporation and transport within the bulk. Our approach relies on the synthesis of a high glass-transition, rigid-rod polymer, able to withstand the pyrolysis temperature without deformation and maintain the voids formed from the pyrolysis reaction which removes the thermally cleavable ester side chains. After side-chain cleavage, the resulting film exhibits increased porosity, hydrophilicity, and crystallinity. By creating bulk porosity in thin films via this approach, ion diffusion is enhanced, resulting in a superior μC* figure of merit up to 158.85 F cm–1 V–1 s–1, and a corresponding increase in normalized transconductance (31.67 S cm–1). In addition, the device switching speed and long-term stability are also observed to increase, further demonstrating the benefit of nanoscale porosity for mixed conductivity semiconductors.
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Feb 2026
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I06-Nanoscience (XPEEM)
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Weican
Lan
,
Chaocheng
Liu
,
Yajuan
Feng
,
Ruiqi
Liu
,
Yafei
Chu
,
Lu
Cheng
,
Chao
Wang
,
Huijuan
Wang
,
Minghui
Fan
,
Zixun
Zhang
,
Yuran
Niu
,
Jheng-Cyuan
Lin
,
Francesco
Maccherozzi
,
Hengli
Duan
,
Wensheng
Yan
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[40612]
Abstract: Excitons are primary elementary excitations in solids that present both fundamental interest and technological importance, showing great potential for photospintronic and quantum transduction applications. The emerging coherent collective excitations in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductors raise prospects for spin-exciton interactions and multifield control schemes. However, realizing the arbitrary manipulation of excitonic quantum states, while preserving the inherent dynamic and response advantages of antiferromagnetic nature remains challenging. Here we achieve bidirectional modulation of the CrSBr exciton energy via interfacial interaction-modified spin-exciton coupling in a CrSBr/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructure. Compared with pristine CrSBr, the photoluminescence peaks in the heterostructure can exhibit blueshift and redshift corresponding to 6.1% and 8.6% of the total bandwidth, respectively. We reveal that the interfacial charge-transfer-driven magnetic coupling in the heterostructure effectively enhances the magnetic anisotropy and the exchange interaction of CrSBr, thereby stabilizing its antiferromagnetic spin configuration, suppressing interlayer electron-hole recombination, and ultimately leading to an anomalous blueshift of the exciton emission. Our findings demonstrate an approach for bidirectionally modulating exciton energy in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which provides substantial flexibility in device design and offers an avenue for potential wavelength control in quantum information and optoelectronic technologies.
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Feb 2026
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B18-Core EXAFS
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[32893, 14239]
Open Access
Abstract: Fluorination of the n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper oxide, La3Ni2O7, with polyvinylidene fluoride yields La3Ni2O5F4, a phase in which fluoride ions have been inserted into interstitial sites in the Ruddlesden–Popper framework and also exchanged with the oxide ions residing on apical anion sites. Reaction with LiH at 190 °C reduces La3Ni2O5F4 by extracting interstitial fluoride ions. The resulting phase, La3Ni2O5F3, adopts a structure described in space group Pbcm in which the fluoride ions in the half-filled interstitial layer are arranged in chains parallel to the y-axis, and the NiO5F octahedra adopt an a–a–c+/–(a–a–)c+ tilting pattern. Further reduction with LiH at 250 °C converts La3Ni2O5F3 into La3Ni2O5F, a Ni1+ phase which adopts a T′-structure consisting of double infinite-sheets of apex linked NiO4 squares, stacked with LaOF fluorite-type layers. Magnetization and neutron diffraction data indicate La3Ni2O5F3 adopts an antiferromagnetically ordered state below TN = 225 K, while magnetization data from La3Ni2O5F exhibit a broad maximum centered at 75 K, suggestive of antiferromagnetic order.
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Feb 2026
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I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[32893]
Open Access
Abstract: The crystal and magnetic structures of Sr3Fe4O6S2 (= Sr3Fe2O5Fe2OS2) and Sr4Fe4O7S2 (= Sr4Fe2O6Fe2OS2), designed using a building-block approach, are reported. They are fully charge-ordered with Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in distinct layers showing independent long-range magnetic order. Complex microstructures in some regions suggest new targets.
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Feb 2026
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I19-Small Molecule Single Crystal Diffraction
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Cara J.
Hawkins
,
Batoul
Almoussawi
,
Jan P.
Scheifers
,
Manel
Sonni
,
Aeshah A.
Almushawwah
,
Troy D.
Manning
,
Marco
Zanella
,
Craig M.
Robertson
,
Luke M.
Daniels
,
Tim D.
Veal
,
John B.
Claridge
,
Matthew J.
Rosseinsky
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[36629]
Open Access
Abstract: The exploration of higher-dimensional chemical phase spaces and the synthesis of novel compounds can be achieved by applying a multiple-anion approach to materials discovery. The ability to combine and tune the stoichiometry of anions in a material can enable enhanced control of both the physical and electronic structures, providing a strategy for the modification of the properties of new materials being developed for a variety of applications, including solar absorbers and thermoelectrics. Here, we report the synthesis of Cu7.62Bi6Se12Cl6I, a quadruple-anion (Se2–, (Se2)2–, Cl–, I–) material within the Cu–Bi–Se–Cl–I phase space. Crystal growth reactions yield black, needle-like crystals, which exhibit a highly anisotropic and complex structure containing the four distinct anion types, solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compositional analysis confirms the complex material stoichiometry, and a low band gap of 0.94(5) eV is measured to understand the potential for solar-absorbing applications. Cu7.62Bi6Se12Cl6I has a low thermal conductivity of 0.25(2) W K–1 m–1, which is attributed to multiple structural features via analysis of experimental heat capacity data and is achieved through the diversity in bonding that is accessed through the combination of four different types of anion.
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Feb 2026
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B23-Circular Dichroism
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[37842]
Open Access
Abstract: Chiral materials that manipulate circularly polarised light have burgeoning applications across optoelectronics, sensing and information encoding, yet the functionality of organic molecular materials is often limited by their relatively low dissymmetry factors (gabs/lum < 10−2), including towards the near infrared (λ > 700 nm). An effective strategy to amplifying gabs/lum is to optimise the chiral arrangement of chromophores, with single crystals providing intrinsic molecular ordering. Herein, we quantify the circular dichroism and circularly polarised luminescence of single crystals of a chiral L-valinol bis-perylene diimide macrocycle by Mueller–Matrix polarimetry and circularly polarised luminescence microscopy, as required for the analysis of such anisotropic materials. Through this, we see that organic crystals are valuable for understanding how supramolecular structure can be used to modify the sign, strength and energy of the chiroptical signal. Indeed, by tuning the macrocycle's π–π stacking interactions, our materials deliver strong chiroptical properties (gabs/lum > 10−2), including circularly polarised luminescence into the near infrared (λ = 780 nm).
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Feb 2026
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