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133 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
E02-JEM ARM 300CF	A new approach for 3D quantitative STEM using defocus corrected electron ptychography Ali Mostaed , Emanuela Liberti , Chen Huang , Angus I. Kirkland , Peter Nellist Microscopy And Microanalysis 28, 380 - 381 Microscopy & Microanalysis 2022: A04 - Developments of 4D-STEM Imaging - Enabling New Materials Applications DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622002252 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20431, 22317]	Aug 2022
	Probing graphene defect kinetics at millisecond time resolution using direct detection and machine learning Chen Huang , Christopher Allen , Stephen Skowron , Ivan Lobato , Takeo Sasaki , Sandra Van Aert , Elena Besley , Angus I. Kirkland Microscopy And Microanalysis 28, 1794 - 1796 Microscopy & Microanalysis 2022: P03 - Imaging Chemical Reactions using High Speed Electron Microscopy (EM) DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622007097	Aug 2022
	Robust measurements of functional material properties using in situ 4D-STEM Colin Ophus , Michele Conroy , Mohsen Danaie , Benjamin H. Savitzky , Alexander Rakowski , Abigail Ackerman , Steven E. Zeltmann , Jim Ciston , Andrew M Minor , David Dye Microscopy And Microanalysis 28, 2312 - 2313 Microscopy & Microanalysis 2022: P09 - Insights into Phase Transitions in Functional Materials by in situ/operando TEM: Experiment Meets Theory DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622008881 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Conventional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging experiments record only a few values per probe position, generating bright field or dark field images, consisting of unscattered or scattered electrons respectively. The contrast in these images is highly sensitive to changes in local structure and the resolution is sufficient to resolve individual atoms. Unfortunately, many real-world samples in materials science studies are too thick or too complex to easily measure the structural properties of interest in this manner. An alternative to conventional STEM imaging is to use a high-speed direct electron detector, which records a full image (2D data) of the diffracted electron probe scanned over the sample (2D grid of positions), producing a four-dimensional measurement known as 4D-STEM. These 4D-STEM measurements of millions of diffraction patterns are extremely rich in information, but require efficient and robust software in order to measure sample properties. We have developed the py4DSTEM open source analysis toolkit to perform these analyses.	Aug 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Implementing and evaluating far-field 3D X-ray diffraction at the I12 JEEP beamline, Diamond Light Source James A. D. Ball , Anna Kareer , Oxana V. Magdysyuk , Stefan Michalik , Anastasia Vrettou , Neal Parkes , Thomas Connolley , David M. Collins Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 29 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577522004088 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26376] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) is shown to be feasible at the I12 Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing (JEEP) beamline of Diamond Light Source. As a demonstration, a microstructually simple low-carbon ferritic steel was studied in a highly textured and annealed state. A processing pipeline suited to this beamline was created, using software already established in the 3DXRD user community, enabling grain centre-of-mass positions, orientations and strain tensor elements to be determined. Orientations, with texture measurements independently validated from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, possessed a ∼0.1° uncertainty, comparable with other 3DXRD instruments. The spatial resolution was limited by the far-field detector pixel size; the average of the grain centre of mass position errors was determined as ±∼80 µm. An average per-grain error of ∼1 × 10−3 for the elastic strains was also measured; this could be reduced in future experiments by improving sample preparation, geometry calibration, data collection and analysis techniques. Application of 3DXRD onto I12 shows great potential, where its implementation is highly desirable due to the flexible, open architecture of the beamline. User-owned or designed sample environments can be used, thus 3DXRD could be applied to previously unexplored scientific areas.	Jul 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Use of synchrotron X-rays for direct observation of wear damage in optically-opaque contacts by means of CT imaging and X-ray diffraction J. Aleksejev , M. Williamson , J. E. Huber , O. V. Magdysyuk , S. Michalik , T. J. Marrow Tribology International vol. 470 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107809 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27537] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In a simulated in-situ experiment annular contacts of 6082-T6 aluminium alloy were first exposed to various degrees of fretting wear, before synchrotron X-ray CT and diffraction were applied to examine the extent and development of wear damage. The wear volumes measured and development of the wear rate were consistent with the mathematical wear model of Fillot, Iordanoff & Berthier. Thickness and porosity of the worn zone were measured and the contact area between wearing elements estimated. Developments of residual strain and tribologically transformed structure were investigated through X-ray diffraction. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the value and viability of observing and quantifying wear through combination of X-ray CT and diffraction opening a path towards in-situ observations of wear.	Jul 2022
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Tackling disorder in γ‐Ga2O3 Laura E. Ratcliff , Takayoshi Oshima , Felix Nippert , Benjamin M. Janzen , Elias Kluth , Rüdiger Goldhahn , Martin Feneberg , Piero Mazzolini , Oliver Bierwagen , Charlotte Wouters , Musbah Nofal , Martin Albrecht , Jack E. N. Swallow , Leanne A. H. Jones , Pardeep K. Thakur , Tien-Lin Lee , Curran Kalha , Christoph Schlueter , Tim D. Veal , Joel B. Varley , Markus R. Wagner , Anna Regoutz Advanced Materials DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204217 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21430, 24670] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ga2O3 and its polymorphs are attracting increasing attention. The rich structural space of polymorphic oxide systems such as Ga2O3 offers potential for electronic structure engineering, which is of particular interest for a range of applications, such as power electronics. γ-Ga2O3 presents a particular challenge across synthesis, characterisation, and theory due to its inherent disorder and resulting complex structure – electronic structure relationship. Here, density functional theory is used in combination with a machine learning approach to screen nearly one million potential structures, thereby developing a robust atomistic model of the γ-phase. Theoretical results are compared with surface and bulk sensitive soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy experiments representative of the occupied and unoccupied states of γ-Ga2O3. The first onset of strong absorption at room temperature is found at 5.1 eV from spectroscopic ellipsometry, which agrees well with the excitation maximum at 5.17 eV obtained by PLE spectroscopy, where the latter shifts to 5.33 eV at 5 K. This work presents a leap forward in the treatment of complex, disordered oxides and is a crucial step towards exploring how their electronic structure can be understood in terms of local coordination and overall structure.	Jul 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Time resolved in-situ multi-contrast X-ray imaging of melting in metals Lorenzo Massimi , Samuel J. Clark , Sebastian Marussi , Adam Doherty , Saurabh M. Shah , Joachim Schulz , Shashidhara Marathe , Christoph Rau , Marco Endrizzi , Peter D. Lee , Alessandro Olivo Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15501-2 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23760] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, the application of a time resolved multi-contrast beam tracking technique to the investigation of the melting and solidification process in metals is presented. The use of such a technique allows retrieval of three contrast channels, transmission, refraction and dark-field, with millisecond time resolution. We investigated different melting conditions to characterize, at a proof-of-concept level, the features visible in each of the contrast channels. We found that the phase contrast channel provides a superior visibility of the density variations, allowing the liquid metal pool to be clearly distinguished. Refraction and dark-field were found to highlight surface roughness formed during solidification. This work demonstrates that the availability of the additional contrast channels provided by multi-contrast X-ray imaging delivers additional information, also when imaging high atomic number specimens with a significant absorption.	Jul 2022
E01-JEM ARM 200CF	Trainable segmentation for transmission electron microscope images of inorganic nanoparticles Cameron G. Bell , Kevin P. Treder , Judy S. Kim , Manfred E. Schuster , Angus I. Kirkland , Thomas J. A. Slater Journal Of Microscopy DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13110 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26559] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a trainable segmentation method implemented within the python package ParticleSpy. The method takes user labelled pixels, which are used to train a classifier and segment images of inorganic nanoparticles from transmission electron microscope images. This implementation is based on the trainable Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) segmentation, but is written in python, allowing a large degree of flexibility and meaning it can be easily expanded using other python packages. We find that trainable segmentation offers better accuracy than global or local thresholding methods and requires as few as 100 user-labelled pixels to produce an accurate segmentation. Trainable segmentation presents a balance of accuracy and training time between global/local thresholding and neural networks, when used on transmission electron microscope images of nanoparticles. We also quantitatively investigate the effectiveness of the components of trainable segmentation, its filter kernels and classifiers, in order to demonstrate the use cases for the different filter kernels in ParticleSpy and the most accurate classifiers for different data types. A set of filter kernels is identified that are effective in distinguishing particles from background but that retain dissimilar features. In terms of classifiers, we find that different classifiers perform optimally for different image contrast; specifically, a Random Forest classifier performs best for high-contrast ADF images, but that QDA and Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifiers perform better for low-contrast TEM images.	May 2022
I13-1-Coherence	High-speed X-ray ptychographic tomography Darren Batey , Christoph Rau , Silvia Cipiccia Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11292-8 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26240] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography is a coherent scanning imaging technique widely used at synchrotron facilities for producing quantitative phase images beyond the resolution limit of conventional x-ray optics. The scanning nature of the technique introduces an inherent overhead to the collection at every scan position and limits the acquisition time of each 2D projection. The overhead associated with motion can be minimised with a continuous-scanning approach. Here we present an acquisition architecture based on continuous-scanning and up-triggering which allows to record ptychographic datasets at up to 9 kHz. We demonstrate the method by applying it to record 2D scans at up to 273 µm2/s and 3D scans of a (20 µm)3 volume in less than three hours. We discuss the current limitations and the outlook toward the development of sub-second 2D acquisition and minutes-long 3D ptychographic tomograms.	May 2022
I06-Nanoscience	Critical analysis of proximity-induced magnetism in MnTe/Bi2Te3 heterostructures G. Awana , R. Fujita , A. Frisk , P. Chen , Q. Yao , A. J. Caruana , C. J. Kinane , N.-J. Steinke , S. Langridge , P. Olalde-Velasco , S. S. Dhesi , G. Van Der Laan , X. F. Kou , S. L. Zhang , T. Hesjedal , D. Backes Physical Review Materials 6 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.053402 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23748] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: An elegant approach to overcome the intrinsic limitations of magnetically doped topological insulators is to bring a topological insulator in direct contact with a magnetic material. The aspiration is to realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect at high temperatures where the symmetry-breaking magnetic field is provided by a proximity-induced magnetization at the interface. Hence, a detailed understanding of the interfacial magnetism in such heterostructures is crucial, yet its distinction from structural and magnetic background effects is a rather nontrivial task. Here, we combine several magnetic characterization techniques to investigate the magnetic ordering in MnTe / Bi 2 Te 3 heterostructures. A magnetization profile of the layer stack is obtained using depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. The magnetic constituents are characterized in more detail using element-sensitive magnetic x-ray spectroscopy. Magnetotransport measurements provide additional information about the magnetic transitions. We find that the supposedly antiferromagnetic MnTe layer does not exhibit an x-ray magnetic linear dichroic signal, raising doubt that it is in its antiferromagnetic state. Instead, Mn seems to penetrate into the surface region of the Bi 2 Te 3 layer. Furthermore, the interface between MnTe and Bi 2 Te 3 is not abrupt, but extending over ∼ 2.2 nm. These conditions are the likely reason that we do not observe proximity-induced magnetization at the interface. Our findings illustrate the importance of not solely relying on one single technique as proof for proximity-induced magnetism at interfaces. We demonstrate that a holistic, multitechnique approach is essential to gain a more complete picture of the magnetic structure in which the interface is embedded.	May 2022

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