Upconversion of cellulosic waste into a potential “drop in fuel” via novel catalyst generated using Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and a consortium of acidophilic sulfidogens

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00970

Authors: Iryna P. Mikheenko (University of Birmingham) , Jaime Gomez-Bolivar (University of Granada) , Mohamed L. Merroun (University of Granada) , Lynne E. Macaskie (University of Birmingham) , Surbhi Sharma (University of Birmingham) , Marc Walker (University of Warwick) , Rachel A. Hand (University of Warwick) , Barry M. Grail (Bangor University) , David Barrie Johnson (Bangor University) , Rafael L. Orozco (University of Birmingham)
Co-authored by industrial partner: No

Type: Journal Paper
Journal: Frontiers In Microbiology , VOL 10

State: Published (Approved)
Published: May 2019
Diamond Proposal Number(s): 16407

Abstract: Biogas-energy is marginally profitable against the “parasitic” energy demands of processing biomass. Biogas involves microbial fermentation of feedstock hydrolyzate generated enzymatically or thermochemically. The latter also produces 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) which can be catalytically upgraded to 2, 5-dimethyl furan (DMF), a “drop in fuel.” An integrated process is proposed with side-stream upgrading into DMF to mitigate the “parasitic” energy demand. 5-HMF was upgraded using bacterially-supported Pd/Ru catalysts. Purpose-growth of bacteria adds additional process costs; Pd/Ru catalysts biofabricated using the sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were compared to those generated from a waste consortium of acidophilic sulfidogens (CAS). Methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) was used as the extraction-reaction solvent to compare the use of bio-metallic Pd/Ru catalysts to upgrade 5-HMF to DMF from starch and cellulose hydrolyzates. MTHF extracted up to 65% of the 5-HMF, delivering solutions, respectively, containing 8.8 and 2.2 g 5-HMF/L MTHF. Commercial 5% (wt/wt) Ru-carbon catalyst upgraded 5-HMF from pure solution but it was ineffective against the hydrolyzates. Both types of bacterial catalyst (5wt%Pd/3-5wt% Ru) achieved this, bio-Pd/Ru on the CAS delivering the highest conversion yields. The yield of 5-HMF from starch-cellulose thermal treatment to 2,5 DMF was 224 and 127 g DMF/kg extracted 5-HMF, respectively, for CAS and D. desulfuricans catalysts, which would provide additional energy of 2.1 and 1.2 kWh/kg extracted 5-HMF. The CAS comprised a mixed population with three patterns of metallic nanoparticle (NP) deposition. Types I and II showed cell surface-localization of the Pd/Ru while type III localized NPs throughout the cell surface and cytoplasm. No metallic patterning in the NPs was shown via elemental mapping using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis but co-localization with sulfur was observed. Analysis of the cell surfaces of the bulk populations by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the higher S content of the CAS bacteria as compared to D. desulfuricans and also the presence of Pd-S as well as Ru-S compounds and hence a mixed deposit of PdS, Pd(0), and Ru in the form of various +3, +4, and +6 oxidation states. The results are discussed in the context of recently-reported controlled palladium sulfide ensembles for an improved hydrogenation catalyst.

Diamond Keywords: Biofuel

Subject Areas: Biology and Bio-materials, Chemistry, Energy


Instruments: I08-Scanning X-ray Microscopy beamline (SXM)

Added On: 30/05/2019 11:01

Documents:
fmicb-10-00970.pdf

Discipline Tags:

Bioenergy Earth Sciences & Environment Biotechnology Sustainable Energy Systems Energy Climate Change Biochemistry Catalysis Chemistry Engineering & Technology Life Sciences & Biotech

Technical Tags:

Microscopy X-ray Microscopy Scanning X-ray Microscopy