Structure and mechanism of the magnesium-independent aromatic prenyltransferase CloQ from the clorobiocin biosynthetic pathway

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.09.067
PMID: 20946900

Authors: Ute Metzger (John Innes Centre; University of Tuebingen) , Sascha Keller (John Innes Centre) , Clare Stevenson (John Innes Centre) , Lutz Heide (Universität Tübingen) , David M. Lawson (John Innes Centre)
Co-authored by industrial partner: No

Type: Journal Paper
Journal: Journal Of Molecular Biology

State: Published (Approved)
Published: October 2010
Diamond Proposal Number(s): 1219

Abstract: CloQ is an aromatic prenyltransferase from the clorobiocin biosynthetic pathway of Streptomyces roseochromogenes var. oscitans. It is involved in the synthesis of the prenylated hydroxybenzoate moiety of the antibiotic, specifically catalyzing the attachment of a dimethylallyl moiety to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Herein, we report the crystal structure of CloQ and use it as a framework for interpreting biochemical data from both wild-type and variant proteins. CloQ belongs to the aromatic prenyltransferase family, which is characterized by an unusual core fold comprising five consecutive ???? elements that form a central 10-stranded anti-parallel ?-barrel. The latter delineates a solvent-accessible cavity where substrates bind and catalysis takes place. This cavity has well-defined polar and nonpolar regions, which have distinct roles in substrate binding and facilitate a Friedel–Crafts-type mechanism. We propose that the juxtaposition of five positively charged residues in the polar region circumvents the necessity for a Mg2+, which, by contrast, is a strict requirement for the majority of prenyltransferases characterized to date. Our structure of CloQ complexed with 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reveals the formation of a covalent link between the substrate and Cys215 to yield a thiohemiketal species. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we show that this link is not essential for enzyme activity in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CloQ will accept alternative substrates and, therefore, has the capacity to generate a range of prenylated compounds. Since prenylation is thought to enhance the bioactivity of many natural products, CloQ offers considerable promise as a biocatalyst for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel compounds with therapeutic potential.

Journal Keywords: Biosynthetic; Coenzymes; Crystallography; X-Ray; Dimethylallyltranstransferase; Magnesium; Models; Molecular; Mutagenesis; Site-Directed; Mutant; Novobiocin; Phenylpyruvic; Protein; Tertiary; Streptomyces

Diamond Keywords: Bacteria; Enzymes

Subject Areas: Biology and Bio-materials, Chemistry


Instruments: I02-Macromolecular Crystallography

Added On: 18/10/2010 09:26

Discipline Tags:

Biotechnology Biochemistry Chemistry Structural biology Engineering & Technology Life Sciences & Biotech

Technical Tags:

Diffraction Macromolecular Crystallography (MX)