In situ K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the ligand environment of single-site Au/C catalysts during acetylene hydrochlorination

DOI: 10.1039/D0SC02152K

Authors: Grazia Malta (Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University) , Simon A. Kondrat (Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University) , Simon J. Freakley (University of Bath) , David J. Morgan (Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University) , Emma K. Gibson (University of Glasgow; UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell) , Peter P. Wells (University of Southampton; Diamond Light Source) , Matteo Aramini (Diamond Light Source) , Diego Gianolio (Diamond Light Source) , Paul B. J. Thompson (ESRF; University of Liverpool) , Peter Johnston (Johnson Matthey PLC) , Graham J. Hutchings (Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University)
Co-authored by industrial partner: No

Type: Journal Paper
Journal: Chemical Science , VOL 137

State: Published (Approved)
Published: June 2020
Diamond Proposal Number(s): 15214

Abstract: The replacement of HgCl2/C with Au/C as a catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination represents a significant reduction in the environmental impact of this industrial process. Under reaction conditions atomically dispersed cationic Au species are the catalytic active site, representing a large-scale application of heterogeneous single-site catalysts. While the metal nuclearity and oxidation state under operating conditions has been investigated in catalysts prepared from aqua regia and thiosulphate, limited studies have focused on the ligand environment surrounding the metal centre. We now report K-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Cl and S ligand species used to stabilise these isolated cationic Au centres in the harsh reaction conditions. We demonstrate the presence of three distinct Cl species in the materials; inorganic Cl−, Au–Cl, and C–Cl and how these species evolve during reaction. Direct evidence of Au–S interactions is confirmed in catalysts prepared using thiosulfate precursors which show high stability towards reduction to inactive metal nanoparticles. This stability was clear during gas switching experiments, where exposure to C2H2 alone did not dramatically alter the Au electronic structure and consequently did not deactivate the thiosulfate catalyst.

Subject Areas: Chemistry


Instruments: B18-Core EXAFS

Other Facilities: Beamline BM28 at ESRF

Documents:
d0sc02152k.pdf