Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: Diamond is a 3GeV, 3rd Generation Synchrotron Light Source currently under construction on the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire. This paper describes the three different types of Front end that have been designed to transmit the intense synchrotron radiation generated by the Undulator, Multi- Pole Wiggler and Bending Magnet sources in the Diamond storage ring to the experiments. The functions of the main components and their location in the layout are described. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that has been carried out to verify the performance under the high heat loads generated by Diamond is also described along with the limits on temperature and stress that have been employed in the design.
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Jun 2006
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: Diamond is a 3GeV, 3rd Generation Synchrotron Light Source currently under construction as part of the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire. The 24 cell Diamond Storage Ring is 561.6m in circumference and is mounted on 72 support girders, the largest of which are 6m long and weigh 17 Tonnes. Each girder can be remotely positioned in 5 axes using a system of motorised cams. This system has been designed to enable the future remote realignment of the Storage Ring using beam based alignment techniques. The system is described in detail including the mechanical and electrical components of the system as well as a description of the alignment algorithms employed and how these have been incorporated into the control system.
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Jun 2006
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: The main foot bridge provides access to linac, booster and storage ring facilities in the synchrotron of Diamond Light Source. The impact of the passage of pedestrian traffic and equipment across the bridge structure was noticeable to the site of beamlines below. One of them, I20, is the most sensitive beamline to such impact. The bridge obviously oscillated with even light traffic, and it was also assumed that this would couple to the storage ring structure where the bridge is mounted. The optics for beamline I20, for stability, stands directly on the slab within the I20 experimental area; this was however subject to excessive vibration transmitted by foot traffic from the overhead footbridge producing a vibration on the experimental floor of 86 nm whereas elsewhere in the experimental hall experiences only about 20 nm, demonstrating a four times increase in vibration caused by the pedestrian bridge. Vibration measurements on the ground underneath the bridge and finite element analyses clearly show that frequencies of 2 and 5 Hz were caused by the bridge and traffic on it. Several remedies were proposed. However, dampers will only damp out vibrations of around 5–6 Hz but not to damp out 2 Hz, which is caused directly by human foot steps. After investigation of cost and effectiveness and several vibration tests conducted, a compromise with extra propping at the mid-span of the bridge was eventually selected. Such reinforcement has been now implemented. The 5 Hz frequency has been successfully removed and a amplitude of 2 Hz also considerably reduced.
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Oct 2011
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: Circular dichroism (CD) is the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light. It is a form of spectroscopy used to determine the optical isomerism and secondary structure of molecules, and to study a wide variety of chiral materials in solution, particularly biologically important molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and drugs. The benefit of carrying out such experiments using synchrotron radiation is that the light available is several orders of magnitude higher in intensity than that available using conventional CD instruments, thereby providing a much higher signal-to-noise ratio over a wide wavelength range (140-700 nm). This paper will detail the development of a technique for rapidly producing 3D printed microfluidic channels in transparent polymer flow cells that enables the rapid and low-cost evaluation and iteration of microfluidic channel geometries. Permitting the flow through novel microfluidic devices to be interrogated thoroughly and the design optimized prior to making the significant financial and most crucially time commitment to the UV compatible flow cell for presentation to the synchrotron.
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Jun 2015
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Mechanical Engineering
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Open Access
Abstract: Beamline I24 at Diamond Light Source is a tuneable microfocus macromolecular crystallography beamline that has been in user operation since 2009. Upcoming upgrades to the beamline will result in a reduction of the beamsize from 8 x 8 µm to 3 x 4 µm. This together with the recent installation of a Pilatus-3 6M capable of data collection at 100 Hz necessitates the need for an upgrade to the current endstation. Furthermore, there is a growing demand from users to reduce the current downtime when switching between in situ and cryo-crystallography experiments. A unique two-goniometer design of the new endstation will facilitate this. This paper covers the design of the new endstation, preliminary measurements of the sphere of confusion of the vertical goniometer subassembly and the resolving power of the new on-axis viewing system.
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Oct 2014
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: At Diamond Light Source transverse profile measure-
ments of the 3 GeV electron beam are provided by x-ray
pinhole cameras. From these beam size measurements and
given knowledge of the lattice parameters the emittance,
coupling and energy spread are calculated. Traditionally,
tungsten blades are used to form the pinhole aperture due to
the opacity of tungsten to x-rays in the keV spectral range.
The physical properties of tungsten also make it difficult to
work. To achieve the 25 μm × 25 μm aperture size required
for high resolution measurements it is necessary to mount
these tungsten blades in an assembly whereby the pinhole
aperture size is defined by precisely machined shims. Here
we propose to replace the tungsten blade and shim arrange-
ment with machined molybdenum blades and evaluate the
performance of the resulting imaging system.
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Sep 2016
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: In 2017 it is planned to install some additional normal
conducting cavities into the Diamond storage ring. In order
to deal with the potential higher order modes in these, we are
designing a longitudinal bunch-by-bunch feedback system.
This paper will focus on the design of the overloaded cavity
kicker, adapted to the Diamond beam pipe cross section.
The design has evolved in order to reduce the strong 3rd harmonic
resonance seen on the introduction of the racetrack
beam pipe. Through a combination of geometry optimisation
and the addition of integrated taper transitions this
harmonic has been greatly reduced while also minimising
sharp resonances below 15 GHz. The major features will be
described, as well as the expected performance parameters.
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Sep 2016
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Mechanical Engineering
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Open Access
Abstract: Failure of a superconducting cavity in the Diamond storage ring can lead to extended down-time because of the time required to remove the module from the ring, the inability to access the cavity without removal from the cryostat and the long time to repair of the module. To reduce the risk to storage ring operation, normal conducting cavities are being installed to support operation of the superconducting cavities. Two cavities will be introduced in 2017 and work is progressing with RF amplifiers, transmission lines and low-level RF as well as storage ring engineering and controls. A summary of progress so far is presented and the plan for installation and further RF upgrades is outlined.
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May 2017
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: The Diamond storage ring has been upgraded to replace one cell of Double Bend Achromat (DBA) with a Double Double Bend Achromat (DDBA). This upgrade has enabled the construction of a new straight to install a much brighter insertion device X-ray source for a new beamline rather than use a weaker bending magnet source. The engineering challenges and experience from this project are described, especially those aspects relevant to building a future low emittance storage ring at Diamond.
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May 2017
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Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract: The mechanical alignment of Diamond Storage Ring is
achieved by means of a 5-axis motion system under remote
control via the EPICS toolkit from the Diamond Control
Room. We have completed the first phase of the realignment
program meant to improve the mechanical alignment of
the machine by carefully moving the magnet girders with a
virtually zero impact on the associated beamlines, hence the
name Transparent Realignment (TR). During this phase we
have equipped and realigned 3 out of 24 cells, involving two
beamlines. We have also tested and perfected the technique
to execute a move with live beam and total remote control of
the realignment process. The program has entered a second
phase entailing the commissioning of 6 more cells. Details
of tests on the machine are reported.
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May 2017
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