Detectors
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Alessandro
Marras
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Vahagn
Vardanyan
,
Tim
Gerhardt
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Moritz
Hoesch
,
Kai
Bagschik
,
Frank
Scholz
,
Niccolo
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Gregori
Iztok
,
Ralf H.
Menk
,
Martin
Scarcia
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
William
Nichols
,
Ulrik K.
Pedersen
,
Polad
Shikhaliev
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyojung
Hyun
,
Seonghan
Kim
,
Kyungsook
Kim
,
Seungyu
Rah
,
Arkadiusz
Dawiec
,
Fabienne
Orsini
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Alan
Greer
,
Steve
Aplin
,
April D.
Jewell
,
Todd J.
Jones
,
Shouleh
Nikzad
,
Michael E.
Hoenk
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Heinz
Graafsma
,
Cornelia B.
Wunderer
Open Access
Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.
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Jan 2021
|
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Detectors
|
I.
Sedgwick
,
F.
Krivan
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Zimmer
,
H.
Graafsma
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
A.
Greer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. H.
Kim
,
B.
Boitrelle
,
F
Orsini
,
B.
Marsh
,
T.
Nicholls
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
J.
Correa
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Kuhn
Abstract: High brilliance synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) require high performing detector systems to realise their full potential. High dynamic range, low noise and high frame rate are all of great importance. In this paper we describe the P2M CMOS sensor, designed for soft X-ray detection at such facilities. We refer to previous work on test devices demonstrating a noise of <16e-, a full well capacity of >5Me- and quantum efficiency of >80% at 400eV (and with good sensitivity even below this value). Initial test results on the first Front Side Illuminated (FSI) 2 Megapixel device are also presented, and an outline of future work is described.
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Nov 2019
|
|
Data acquisition
Detectors
|
Open Access
Abstract: The increasing data throughput of modern detectors is a growing challenge for back-end data acquisition systems. OdinData provides a scalable framework for data acquisition used by multiple beamlines at Diamond Light Source (DLS). While it can be implemented standalone, OdinControl is used to provide a convenient interface to OdinData. Eiger detectors at DLS were initially integrated into the Odin framework specifically for the data acquisition capability, but the addition of detector control provides a more coherent and easily deployable system. OdinControl provides a generic HTTP API as a single point of control for various devices and applications. Adapters can abstract the low-level control of a detector into a consistent API, making it easier for high-level applications to support different types of detector. This paper sets out the design and development of Odin as a control system agnostic interface to integrate Eiger detectors into EPICS beamline control systems at DLS, as well as the current status of operation.
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Oct 2019
|
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Accelerator Physics
|
Open Access
Abstract: Virtual accelerators are used for testing control system software against realistic accelerator simulations. Previous virtual accelerators for synchrotron light sources have used Tracy and Elegant as the simulator, but without Python bind- ings for accelerator simulations it has been difficult to create a virtual accelerator using Python. With the development of Python Accelerator Toolbox (pyAT), that is now possi- ble. This paper describes the combination of pyAT, Python Toolkit for Accelerator Controls (Pytac) and pythonSoftIoc to create an EPICS-based virtual accelerator for Diamond Light Source.
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Oct 2019
|
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Detectors
|
C. B.
Wunderer
,
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
S.
Aplin
,
B.
Boitrelle
,
P.
Goettlicher
,
F.
Krivan
,
M.
Kuhn
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Niemann
,
F.
Okrent
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Zimmer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
I.
Gregori
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
R.
Menk
,
L.
Stebel
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
U. K.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H.
Hyun
,
K.
Kim
,
S.
Rah
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The peak brilliance reached by today's Free-Electron Laser and Synchrotron light sources requires photon detectors matching their output intensity and other characteristics in order to fully realize the sources' potential. The Pixellated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large (Percival) is a dedicated soft X-ray imager (0.25–1 keV) developed for this purpose by a collaboration of DESY, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory/STFC, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Diamond Light Source, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Following several generations of prototypes, the Percival "P2M" 2-Megapixel imager—a 4.5×5 cm monolithic, stitched sensor with an uninterrupted imaging area of 4×4 cm2 (1408×1484 pixels of 27×27 μm—was produced and has demonstrated basic functionality with a first-light image using visible light. It is currently being brought to full operation in a front-illuminated configuration. The readout system being commissioned in parallel has been developed specifically for this imager which will produce—at full 300 Hz frame rate—data at 20 Gbit/s. A first wafer with eight Percival P2M chips has undergone backthinning to enable soft X-ray detection. It has been diced and chips are currently being wirebonded. We summarize here the P2M system, the project status, and show the P2M sensor's first response to visible light.
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Jan 2019
|
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I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism - scattering
Detectors
|
Alessandro
Marras
,
Cornelia
Wunderer
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Benjamin
Boitrelle
,
Peter
Goettlicher
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Joshua
Supra
,
Maximilian
Tennert
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Niccola
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Anastasya
Khromova
,
Ralf
Menk
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Alan
Greer
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyo Jung
Hyun
,
Kyung Sook
Kim
,
Seung Yu
Rah
,
Heinz
Graafsma
Abstract: In this paper, we are presenting the Percival detector, a monolithic CMOS Imager for detection of soft x-rays in Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers. The imager consists in a 2D array of many (2M) small (27um pitch) pixels, without dead or blind zones in the imaging area. The imager achieves low noise and high dynamic range by means of an adaptive-gain in-pixel circuitry, that has been validated on prototypes. The imager features on-chip Analogue-to-Digital conversion to 12+1 bits, and has a readout speed which is compatible with most of Free Electron Laser Facilities. For direct detection of low-energy x-rays, the imager is back-illuminated and post-processed to achieve 100% fill factor.
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Jan 2019
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Data acquisition
Detectors
|
Open Access
Abstract: Detectors currently being commissioned at Diamond Light Source (DLS) bring the need for more sophisticated control and data acquisition software. The Excalibur 1M and 3M are modular detectors comprised of rows of identical stripes. The Odin framework emulates this architecture by operating multiple file writers on different server nodes, managed by a central controller. The low-level control and communication is implemented in a vendor supplied C library with a set of C-Python bindings, providing a fast and robust API to control the detector nodes, alongside a simple interface to interact with the file writer instances over ZeroMQ. The file writer is a C++ module that uses plugins to interpret the raw data and provide the format to write to file, allowing it to be used with other detectors such as Percival and Eiger. At DLS we implement an areaDetector driver to integrate Odin with the beamline EPICS control system. However, because Odin provides a simple HTTP Rest API, it can be used by any site control system. This paper presents the architecture and design of the Odin framework and illustrates its usage as a controller of complex, modular detector systems.
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Jan 2018
|
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B16-Test Beamline
|
M. C.
Veale
,
P.
Adkin
,
P.
Booker
,
J.
Coughlan
,
M. J.
French
,
M.
Hart
,
T.
Nicholls
,
A.
Schneider
,
P.
Seller
,
I.
Pape
,
K.
Sawhney
,
G. A.
Carini
,
P. A.
Hart
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[13413]
Abstract: The STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory have delivered the Large Pixel Detector (LPD) for MHz frame rate imaging at the European XFEL. The detector system has an active area of 0.5 m × 0.5 m and consists of a million pixels on a 500 μm pitch. Sensors have been produced from 500 μm thick Hammamatsu silicon tiles that have been bump bonded to the readout ASIC using a silver epoxy and gold stud technique. Each pixel of the detector system is capable of measuring 105 12 keV photons per image readout at 4.5 MHz. In this paper results from the testing of these detectors at the Diamond Light Source and the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) are presented. The performance of the detector in terms of linearity, spatial uniformity and the performance of the different ASIC gain stages is characterised.
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Dec 2017
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B16-Test Beamline
Detectors
Optics
|
M. C.
Veale
,
P.
Booker
,
B.
Cline
,
J.
Coughlan
,
M.
Hart
,
T.
Nicholls
,
A.
Schneider
,
P.
Seller
,
I.
Pape
,
K.
Sawhney
,
A. D.
Lozinskaya
,
V. A.
Novikov
,
O. P.
Tolbanov
,
A.
Tyazhev
,
A. N.
Zarubin
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[13413]
Abstract: The STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (U.K.) and Tomsk State University (Russia) have been working together to develop and characterise detector systems based on chromium-compensated gallium arsenide (GaAs:Cr) semiconductor material for high frame rate X-ray imaging. Previous work has demonstrated the spectroscopic performance of the material and its resistance to damage induced by high fluxes of X-rays. In this paper, recent results from experiments at the Diamond Light Source Synchrotron have demonstrated X-ray imaging with GaAs:Cr sensors at a frame rate of 3.7 MHz using the Large Pixel Detector (LPD) ASIC, developed by STFC for the European XFEL. Measurements have been made using a monochromatic 20 keV X-ray beam delivered in a single hybrid pulse with an instantenous flux of up to ~ 1 × 1010 photons s−1 mm−2. The response of 500 μm GaAs:Cr sensors is compared to that of the standard 500 μm thick LPD Si sensors.
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Feb 2017
|
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Detectors
|
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
P.
Göttlicher
,
S.
Lange
,
S.
Reza
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Tennert
,
M.
Niemann
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
S.
Smoljanin
,
J.
Supra
,
Q.
Xia
,
M.
Zimmer
,
A.
Allahgoli
,
A.
Gloskovskii
,
J.
Viefhaus
,
F.
Scholz
,
J.
Seltmann
,
S.
Klumpp
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
A.
Khromova
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
S.
Rinaldi
,
N.
Zema
,
D.
Catone
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
T. J.
Nicholls
,
R.
Turchetta
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
M. E.
Hoenk
,
A. D.
Jewell
,
T. J.
Jones
,
S.
Nikzad
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager is being developed by DESY, RAL, Elettra, DLS, and PAL to address the challenges at high brilliance Light Sources such as new-generation Synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers. Typical requirements for detector systems at these sources are high frame rates, large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, high quantum efficiency, and (multi)-mega-pixel arrangements. PERCIVAL is a monolithic active pixel sensor, based on CMOS technology. It is designed for the soft X-ray regime and, therefore, it is post-processed in order to achieve high quantum efficiency in its primary energy range (250 eV to 1 keV) . This work will report on the latest experimental results on charge collection efficiency obtained for multiple back-side-illuminated test sensors during two campaigns, at the P04 beam-line at PETRA III, and the CiPo beam-line at Elettra, spanning most of the primary energy range as well as testing the performance for photon-energies below 250 eV . In addition, XPS surface analysis was used to cross-check the obtained results.
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Dec 2016
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