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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
Mechanical Engineering	Innovative delta robot sample scanner J Kelly , J. Parker , A. Male , M. Nagy , L. Chisman , P. Quinn 14th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2021) DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012113 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Synchrotron Endstations typically use a stack of coarse and fine motion stages to position and scan a sample in the beam. The serial nature of this design causes a low resonant frequency and hence limits the position stability. The combination of multiple stages also adds motion control and data analysis complexity. A large range parallel kinematic cartesian sample scanner has been designed, built, tested and installed to address these limitations. The stage combines a 3 mm travel range with < 3 nm RMS position jitter in the scan directions and < 1 nm/minute thermal drift during scanning. This paper describes and demonstrates the mechatronic design process of Dynamic Error Budgeting. The stage is installed and fully operational on beamline I14 at the Diamond Light Source being used for nanoscale XRF mapping, imaging and ptychography.	Dec 2022
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	The Delta Robot—A long travel nano-positioning stage for scanning x-ray microscopy Jon Kelly , Andrew Male , Nicholas Rubies , David Mahoney , Jessica Walker , Miguel A. Gomez-Gonzalez , Guy Wilkin , Julia E. Parker , Paul D. Quinn Review Of Scientific Instruments 93 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084806 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A new stage design concept, the Delta Robot, is presented, which is a parallel kinematic design for scanning x-ray microscopy applications. The stage employs three orthogonal voice coils, which actuate parallelogram flexures. The design has a 3 mm travel range and achieves rms position jitter, integrated from 1 Hz to 1 kHz, of 2.8 and 1.3 nm perpendicular to the beam and 5.6 nm along the beam direction with loads up to 350 g. The Delta Robot design process used a mechatronics approach of iterative modeling and simulation to develop the system and validate performance. The design considerations, design process, stability, and operational performance on the hard x-ray nanoprobe at Diamond Light Source are presented.	Apr 2022
Data acquisition	P99: An optical beamline for offline technique development and systems integration for prototype beamline instrumentation A. D. Parsons , S. Ahmed , M. Basham , D. Bond , B. Bradnick , M. Burt , T. Cobb , N. Dougan , M. Drakopoulos , F. Ferner , J. Filik , C. Forrester , L. Hudson , P. Joyce , B. Kaulich , A. Kavva , J. Kelly , J. Mudd , B. Nutter , P. Quinn , K. Ralphs , C. Reinhard , J. Shannon , M. Taylor , T. Trafford , X. Tran , E. Warrick , A. Wilson , A. D. Winter ICALEPCS2019 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2019-WEBPP04 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a beamline analogue, capable of system pro- totyping, integrated development and testing, specifically designed to provide a facility for full scientific testing of instrument prototypes. With an identical backend to real beamline instruments the P99 development rig has allowed increased confidence and troubleshooting ahead of final scientific commissioning. We present detail of the software and hardware components of this environment and how these have been used to develop functionality for the new operational instruments. We present several high impact examples of such integrated prototyping development in- cluding the instrumentation for DIAD (integrated Dual Im- aging And Diffraction) and the J08 (Soft X-ray ptychogra- phy) beamline end station.	Oct 2019
Mechanical Engineering	Experimental modal analysis vibration measurement to inform engineering design J. H. Kelly MEDSI2018 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-WEPH15 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Experimental Modal Analysis was performed on an existing 5 degree of freedom mirror system on beamline I08 at The Diamond Light Source, by impacting the structure and measuring the response at locations of interest. Commercial software was used to generate the frequency response functions and mode shape animations. This experimental information was used to inform and optimise a design iteration for a new mirror system. The new mechanism was designed, installed and tested on the J08 branch line at The Diamond Light Source to validate the expected improvements in stability, stiffness and resonant frequency. The mirror system fundamental resonant frequency was significantly increased from 20 Hz to 49 Hz.	Dec 2018
B16-Test Beamline Optics	A water-cooled monochromator for the B16 Test beamline at the Diamond Light Source: capabilities and performance characterization Igor P. Dolbnya , Kawal J. S. Sawhney , Stewart M. Scott , Andy J. Dent , Giannantonio Cibin , Geoff M. Preece , Ulrik K. Pedersen , Jon Kelly , Paul Murray Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 26 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577518014662 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Systematic studies of the performance of a water-cooled X-ray monochromator, designed and built for the B16 Test beamline at the Diamond Light Source, UK, are presented. A technical description of the monochromator is given and the results of commissioning measurements are discussed. Overall, the monochromator satisfies the original specifications well and meets all the major requirements of the versatile beamline. Following its successful implementation on B16, the basic monochromator design has been reproduced and adapted on other Diamond Light Source beamlines, including B18 and B21.	Nov 2018
VMXi-Versatile Macromolecular Crystallography in situ	VMXi: a fully automated, fully remote, high-flux in situ macromolecular crystallography beamline Juan Sanchez-Weatherby , James Sandy , Halina Mikolajek , Carina M. C. Lobley , Marco Mazzorana , Jon Kelly , Geoff Preece , Rich Littlewood , Thomas L.-M. Sorensen Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 26 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577518015114 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: VMXi is a new high-flux microfocus macromolecular crystallography beamline at Diamond Light Source. The beamline, dedicated to fully automated and fully remote data collection of macromolecular crystals in situ, allows rapid screening of hundreds of crystallization plates from multiple user groups. Its main purpose is to give fast feedback at the complex stages of crystallization and crystal optimization, but it also enables data collection of small and delicate samples that are particularly difficult to harvest using conventional cryo-methods, crystals grown in the lipidic cubic phase, and allows for multi-crystal data collections in drug discovery programs. The beamline is equipped with two monochromators: one with a narrow band-pass and fine energy resolution (optimal for regular oscillation experiments), and one with a wide band-pass and a high photon flux (optimal for fast screening). The beamline has a state-of-the-art detector and custom goniometry that allows fast data collection. This paper describes the beamline design, current status and future plans.	Nov 2018
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	A slow-cooling-rate in situ cell for long-duration studies of mineral precipitation in cold aqueous environments on Earth and other planetary bodies Stephen P. Thompson , Hilary Kennedy , Sarah Day , Annabelle R. Baker , Benjamin M. Butler , Emmal Safi , Jon Kelly , Andrew Male , Jonathan Potter , Tom Cobb , Claire A. Murray , Chiu C. Tang , Aneurin Evans , Ronaldo Mercado Journal Of Applied Crystallography 51, 1197 - 1210 DOI: 10.1107/S1600576718008816 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10025] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Liquid oceans and ice caps, along with ice crusts, have long been considered defining features of the Earth, but space missions and observations have shown that they are in fact common features among many of the solar system's outer planets and their satellites. Interactions with rock-forming materials have produced saline oceans not dissimilar in many respects to those on Earth, where mineral precipitation within frozen seawater plays a significant role in both determining global properties and regulating the environment in which a complex ecosystem of extremophiles exists. Since water is considered an essential ingredient for life, the presence of oceans and ice on other solar system bodies is of great astrobiological interest. However, the details surrounding mineral precipitation in freezing environments are still poorly constrained, owing to the difficulties of sampling and ex situ preservation for laboratory analysis, meaning that predictive models have limited empirical underpinnings. To address this, the design and performance characterization of a transmission-geometry sample cell for use in long-duration synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies of in situ mineral precipitation from aqueous ice–brine systems are presented. The cell is capable of very slow cooling rates (e.g. 0.3°C per day or less), and its performance is demonstrated with the results from a year-long study of the precipitation of the hydrated magnesium sulfate phase meridianiite (MgSO4·11H2O) from the MgSO4–H2O system. Evidence from the Mars Rover mission suggests that this hydrated phase is widespread on the present-day surface of Mars. However, as well as the predicted hexagonal ice and meridianiite phases, an additional hydrated sulfate phase and a disordered phase are observed.	Aug 2018
Optics	Design of the Diamond Light Source DMM for the VMXi beamline D. J. Butler , J. H. Kelly MEDSI2016 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2016-FRBA03 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A Double Multilayer Monochromator (DMM) was designed in-house for the VMXi beamline. This paper describes the novel engineering solutions employed to build a high stability instrument. PiezoMotor® actuators drive sine-arm Bragg axes for both optics providing the coarse and fine motion in a single actuator. The long translation of the second multilayer is driven externally via a linear shift to eliminate in-vacuum pipe & cable motions. A high stability air bearing translates the whole DMM across the two multilayer stripes. The optics are water cooled via an Indium / Gallium eutectic alloy bath to minimise coupled vibrations. The DMM is operational on the VMXi beamline, experimental and performance data is presented.	Jun 2017
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	New synchrotron powder diffraction facility for long-duration experiments Claire A. Murray , Jonathan Potter , Sarah J. Day , Annabelle R. Baker , Stephen P. Thompson , Jon Kelly , Christopher G. Morris , Sihai Yang , Chiu C. Tang Journal Of Applied Crystallography 50 DOI: 10.1107/S1600576716019750 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10025] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A new synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction instrument has been built and commissioned for long-duration experiments on beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source. The concept is unique, with design features to house multiple experiments running in parallel, in particular with specific stages for sample environments to study slow kinetic systems or processes. The instrument benefits from a high-brightness X-ray beam and a large area detector. Diffraction data from the commissioning work have shown that the objectives and criteria are met. Supported by two case studies, the results from months of measurements have demonstrated the viability of this large-scale instrument, which is the world's first dedicated facility for long-term studies (weeks to years) using synchrotron radiation.	Feb 2017
I08-Scanning X-ray Microscopy beamline (SXM)	Design developments and innovations for the I08 SXM beamline Jon Kelly MEDSI 2014 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The fundamental aim of the I08 beamline project was to build a 20 nm resolution scanning X-ray microscope (SXM). The endstation was procured from the company Bruker; however to reach the optimum performance the whole beamline was optimised for high stability. The novel endstation support was designed to provide a 3 m travel with a straightness of < 50 micrometers while achieving a vibration amplitude of < 8 nm Peak-Peak integrated from 40-100 Hz. A vibration damping study was performed on the fabricated support frames, in order to minimise the torsional transmission of vibration to neighbouring optics. The best solution found being Viscoelastic constrained layer damping; which was fitted to all the beamline frames. The first beamline optic is cooled via an indium gallium eutectic bath to mechanically decouple the water circuit. This paper gives examples of vibration test data in combination with finite element analysis to refine the designs to meet the demanding specification. The beamline has demonstrated a resolution of 50 nm to date and started to take users.	Oct 2014

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