Detectors
|
J.
Correa
,
M.
Mehrjoo
,
R.
Battistelli
,
F.
Lehmkühler
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
T.
Hirono
,
V.
Felk
,
F.
Krivan
,
S.
Lange
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
V.
Vardanyan
,
M.
Zimmer
,
M.
Hoesch
,
K.
Bagschik
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
L.
Stebel
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R. H.
Menk
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
W.
Nichols
,
U.
Pedersen
,
P.
Shikhaliev
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
S. H.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Park
,
K. S.
Kim
,
F.
Orsini
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
F.
Büttner
,
B.
Pfau
,
E.
Plönjes
,
K.
Kharitonov
,
M.
Ruiz-Lopez
,
R.
Pan
,
S.
Gang
,
B.
Keitel
,
H.
Graafsma
Open Access
Abstract: The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
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Jan 2023
|
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Detectors
|
Alessandro
Marras
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Vahagn
Vardanyan
,
Tim
Gerhardt
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Moritz
Hoesch
,
Kai
Bagschik
,
Frank
Scholz
,
Niccolo
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Gregori
Iztok
,
Ralf H.
Menk
,
Martin
Scarcia
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
William
Nichols
,
Ulrik K.
Pedersen
,
Polad
Shikhaliev
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyojung
Hyun
,
Seonghan
Kim
,
Kyungsook
Kim
,
Seungyu
Rah
,
Arkadiusz
Dawiec
,
Fabienne
Orsini
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Alan
Greer
,
Steve
Aplin
,
April D.
Jewell
,
Todd J.
Jones
,
Shouleh
Nikzad
,
Michael E.
Hoenk
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Heinz
Graafsma
,
Cornelia B.
Wunderer
Open Access
Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.
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Jan 2021
|
|
Detectors
|
I.
Sedgwick
,
F.
Krivan
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Zimmer
,
H.
Graafsma
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
A.
Greer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. H.
Kim
,
B.
Boitrelle
,
F
Orsini
,
B.
Marsh
,
T.
Nicholls
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
J.
Correa
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Kuhn
Abstract: High brilliance synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) require high performing detector systems to realise their full potential. High dynamic range, low noise and high frame rate are all of great importance. In this paper we describe the P2M CMOS sensor, designed for soft X-ray detection at such facilities. We refer to previous work on test devices demonstrating a noise of <16e-, a full well capacity of >5Me- and quantum efficiency of >80% at 400eV (and with good sensitivity even below this value). Initial test results on the first Front Side Illuminated (FSI) 2 Megapixel device are also presented, and an outline of future work is described.
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Nov 2019
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Data acquisition
Detectors
|
Open Access
Abstract: The increasing data throughput of modern detectors is a growing challenge for back-end data acquisition systems. OdinData provides a scalable framework for data acquisition used by multiple beamlines at Diamond Light Source (DLS). While it can be implemented standalone, OdinControl is used to provide a convenient interface to OdinData. Eiger detectors at DLS were initially integrated into the Odin framework specifically for the data acquisition capability, but the addition of detector control provides a more coherent and easily deployable system. OdinControl provides a generic HTTP API as a single point of control for various devices and applications. Adapters can abstract the low-level control of a detector into a consistent API, making it easier for high-level applications to support different types of detector. This paper sets out the design and development of Odin as a control system agnostic interface to integrate Eiger detectors into EPICS beamline control systems at DLS, as well as the current status of operation.
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Oct 2019
|
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Detectors
|
C. B.
Wunderer
,
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
S.
Aplin
,
B.
Boitrelle
,
P.
Goettlicher
,
F.
Krivan
,
M.
Kuhn
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Niemann
,
F.
Okrent
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Zimmer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
I.
Gregori
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
R.
Menk
,
L.
Stebel
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
U. K.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H.
Hyun
,
K.
Kim
,
S.
Rah
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The peak brilliance reached by today's Free-Electron Laser and Synchrotron light sources requires photon detectors matching their output intensity and other characteristics in order to fully realize the sources' potential. The Pixellated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large (Percival) is a dedicated soft X-ray imager (0.25–1 keV) developed for this purpose by a collaboration of DESY, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory/STFC, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Diamond Light Source, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Following several generations of prototypes, the Percival "P2M" 2-Megapixel imager—a 4.5×5 cm monolithic, stitched sensor with an uninterrupted imaging area of 4×4 cm2 (1408×1484 pixels of 27×27 μm—was produced and has demonstrated basic functionality with a first-light image using visible light. It is currently being brought to full operation in a front-illuminated configuration. The readout system being commissioned in parallel has been developed specifically for this imager which will produce—at full 300 Hz frame rate—data at 20 Gbit/s. A first wafer with eight Percival P2M chips has undergone backthinning to enable soft X-ray detection. It has been diced and chips are currently being wirebonded. We summarize here the P2M system, the project status, and show the P2M sensor's first response to visible light.
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Jan 2019
|
|
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism - scattering
Detectors
|
Alessandro
Marras
,
Cornelia
Wunderer
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Benjamin
Boitrelle
,
Peter
Goettlicher
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Joshua
Supra
,
Maximilian
Tennert
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Niccola
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Anastasya
Khromova
,
Ralf
Menk
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Alan
Greer
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyo Jung
Hyun
,
Kyung Sook
Kim
,
Seung Yu
Rah
,
Heinz
Graafsma
Abstract: In this paper, we are presenting the Percival detector, a monolithic CMOS Imager for detection of soft x-rays in Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers. The imager consists in a 2D array of many (2M) small (27um pitch) pixels, without dead or blind zones in the imaging area. The imager achieves low noise and high dynamic range by means of an adaptive-gain in-pixel circuitry, that has been validated on prototypes. The imager features on-chip Analogue-to-Digital conversion to 12+1 bits, and has a readout speed which is compatible with most of Free Electron Laser Facilities. For direct detection of low-energy x-rays, the imager is back-illuminated and post-processed to achieve 100% fill factor.
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Jan 2019
|
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B16-Test Beamline
Optics
|
Open Access
Abstract: Systematic studies of the performance of a water-cooled X-ray monochromator, designed and built for the B16 Test beamline at the Diamond Light Source, UK, are presented. A technical description of the monochromator is given and the results of commissioning measurements are discussed. Overall, the monochromator satisfies the original specifications well and meets all the major requirements of the versatile beamline. Following its successful implementation on B16, the basic monochromator design has been reproduced and adapted on other Diamond Light Source beamlines, including B18 and B21.
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Nov 2018
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Data acquisition
Detectors
|
Open Access
Abstract: Detectors currently being commissioned at Diamond Light Source (DLS) bring the need for more sophisticated control and data acquisition software. The Excalibur 1M and 3M are modular detectors comprised of rows of identical stripes. The Odin framework emulates this architecture by operating multiple file writers on different server nodes, managed by a central controller. The low-level control and communication is implemented in a vendor supplied C library with a set of C-Python bindings, providing a fast and robust API to control the detector nodes, alongside a simple interface to interact with the file writer instances over ZeroMQ. The file writer is a C++ module that uses plugins to interpret the raw data and provide the format to write to file, allowing it to be used with other detectors such as Percival and Eiger. At DLS we implement an areaDetector driver to integrate Odin with the beamline EPICS control system. However, because Odin provides a simple HTTP Rest API, it can be used by any site control system. This paper presents the architecture and design of the Odin framework and illustrates its usage as a controller of complex, modular detector systems.
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Jan 2018
|
|
Detectors
|
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
P.
Göttlicher
,
S.
Lange
,
S.
Reza
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Tennert
,
M.
Niemann
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
S.
Smoljanin
,
J.
Supra
,
Q.
Xia
,
M.
Zimmer
,
A.
Allahgoli
,
A.
Gloskovskii
,
J.
Viefhaus
,
F.
Scholz
,
J.
Seltmann
,
S.
Klumpp
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
A.
Khromova
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
S.
Rinaldi
,
N.
Zema
,
D.
Catone
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
T. J.
Nicholls
,
R.
Turchetta
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
M. E.
Hoenk
,
A. D.
Jewell
,
T. J.
Jones
,
S.
Nikzad
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager is being developed by DESY, RAL, Elettra, DLS, and PAL to address the challenges at high brilliance Light Sources such as new-generation Synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers. Typical requirements for detector systems at these sources are high frame rates, large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, high quantum efficiency, and (multi)-mega-pixel arrangements. PERCIVAL is a monolithic active pixel sensor, based on CMOS technology. It is designed for the soft X-ray regime and, therefore, it is post-processed in order to achieve high quantum efficiency in its primary energy range (250 eV to 1 keV) . This work will report on the latest experimental results on charge collection efficiency obtained for multiple back-side-illuminated test sensors during two campaigns, at the P04 beam-line at PETRA III, and the CiPo beam-line at Elettra, spanning most of the primary energy range as well as testing the performance for photon-energies below 250 eV . In addition, XPS surface analysis was used to cross-check the obtained results.
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Dec 2016
|
|
Detectors
|
A.
Khromova
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Tennert
,
M.
Niemann
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
S.
Smoljanin
,
S.
Reza
,
H.
Graafsma
,
P.
Göttlicher
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
J.
Supra
,
Q.
Xia
,
M.
Zimmer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
T.
Nicholls
,
R.
Turchetta
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
M. E.
Hoenk
,
A. D.
Jewell
,
T. J.
Jones
,
S.
Nikzad
Abstract: The PERCIVAL (Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large) soft X-ray 2D imaging detector is based on stitched, wafer-scale sensors possessing a thick epi-layer, which together with back-thinning and back-side illumination yields elevated quantum efficiency in the photon energy range of 125–1000 eV. Main application fields of PERCIVAL are foreseen in photon science with FELs and synchrotron radiation. This requires high dynamic range up to 105 ph @ 250 eV paired with single photon sensitivity with high confidence at moderate frame rates in the range of 10–120 Hz. These figures imply the availability of dynamic gain switching on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a highly parallel, low noise analog and digital readout, which has been realized in the PERCIVAL sensor layout. Different aspects of the detector performance have been assessed using prototype sensors with different pixel and ADC types. This work will report on the recent test results performed on the newest chip prototypes with the improved pixel and ADC architecture. For the target frame rates in the 10–120 Hz range an average noise floor of 14e− has been determined, indicating the ability of detecting single photons with energies above 250 eV. Owing to the successfully implemented adaptive 3-stage multiple-gain switching, the integrated charge level exceeds 4 centerdot 106 e− or 57000 X-ray photons at 250 eV per frame at 120 Hz. For all gains the noise level remains below the Poisson limit also in high-flux conditions. Additionally, a short overview over the updates on an oncoming 2 Mpixel (P2M) detector system (expected at the end of 2016) will be reported.
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Nov 2016
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