Detectors
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C. B.
Wunderer
,
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
S.
Aplin
,
B.
Boitrelle
,
P.
Goettlicher
,
F.
Krivan
,
M.
Kuhn
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Niemann
,
F.
Okrent
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Zimmer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
I.
Gregori
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
R.
Menk
,
L.
Stebel
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
U. K.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H.
Hyun
,
K.
Kim
,
S.
Rah
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The peak brilliance reached by today's Free-Electron Laser and Synchrotron light sources requires photon detectors matching their output intensity and other characteristics in order to fully realize the sources' potential. The Pixellated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large (Percival) is a dedicated soft X-ray imager (0.25–1 keV) developed for this purpose by a collaboration of DESY, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory/STFC, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Diamond Light Source, and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Following several generations of prototypes, the Percival "P2M" 2-Megapixel imager—a 4.5×5 cm monolithic, stitched sensor with an uninterrupted imaging area of 4×4 cm2 (1408×1484 pixels of 27×27 μm—was produced and has demonstrated basic functionality with a first-light image using visible light. It is currently being brought to full operation in a front-illuminated configuration. The readout system being commissioned in parallel has been developed specifically for this imager which will produce—at full 300 Hz frame rate—data at 20 Gbit/s. A first wafer with eight Percival P2M chips has undergone backthinning to enable soft X-ray detection. It has been diced and chips are currently being wirebonded. We summarize here the P2M system, the project status, and show the P2M sensor's first response to visible light.
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Jan 2019
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I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
Detectors
|
Alessandro
Marras
,
Cornelia
Wunderer
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Benjamin
Boitrelle
,
Peter
Goettlicher
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Joshua
Supra
,
Maximilian
Tennert
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Niccola
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Anastasya
Khromova
,
Ralf
Menk
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Alan
Greer
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyo Jung
Hyun
,
Kyung Sook
Kim
,
Seung Yu
Rah
,
Heinz
Graafsma
Abstract: In this paper, we are presenting the Percival detector, a monolithic CMOS Imager for detection of soft x-rays in Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers. The imager consists in a 2D array of many (2M) small (27um pitch) pixels, without dead or blind zones in the imaging area. The imager achieves low noise and high dynamic range by means of an adaptive-gain in-pixel circuitry, that has been validated on prototypes. The imager features on-chip Analogue-to-Digital conversion to 12+1 bits, and has a readout speed which is compatible with most of Free Electron Laser Facilities. For direct detection of low-energy x-rays, the imager is back-illuminated and post-processed to achieve 100% fill factor.
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Jan 2019
|
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B16-Test Beamline
Optics
|
Open Access
Abstract: Systematic studies of the performance of a water-cooled X-ray monochromator, designed and built for the B16 Test beamline at the Diamond Light Source, UK, are presented. A technical description of the monochromator is given and the results of commissioning measurements are discussed. Overall, the monochromator satisfies the original specifications well and meets all the major requirements of the versatile beamline. Following its successful implementation on B16, the basic monochromator design has been reproduced and adapted on other Diamond Light Source beamlines, including B18 and B21.
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Nov 2018
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Data acquisition
Detectors
|
Open Access
Abstract: Detectors currently being commissioned at Diamond Light Source (DLS) bring the need for more sophisticated control and data acquisition software. The Excalibur 1M and 3M are modular detectors comprised of rows of identical stripes. The Odin framework emulates this architecture by operating multiple file writers on different server nodes, managed by a central controller. The low-level control and communication is implemented in a vendor supplied C library with a set of C-Python bindings, providing a fast and robust API to control the detector nodes, alongside a simple interface to interact with the file writer instances over ZeroMQ. The file writer is a C++ module that uses plugins to interpret the raw data and provide the format to write to file, allowing it to be used with other detectors such as Percival and Eiger. At DLS we implement an areaDetector driver to integrate Odin with the beamline EPICS control system. However, because Odin provides a simple HTTP Rest API, it can be used by any site control system. This paper presents the architecture and design of the Odin framework and illustrates its usage as a controller of complex, modular detector systems.
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Jan 2018
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Detectors
|
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
P.
Göttlicher
,
S.
Lange
,
S.
Reza
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
M.
Tennert
,
M.
Niemann
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
S.
Smoljanin
,
J.
Supra
,
Q.
Xia
,
M.
Zimmer
,
A.
Allahgoli
,
A.
Gloskovskii
,
J.
Viefhaus
,
F.
Scholz
,
J.
Seltmann
,
S.
Klumpp
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
A.
Khromova
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
S.
Rinaldi
,
N.
Zema
,
D.
Catone
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
T. J.
Nicholls
,
R.
Turchetta
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
M. E.
Hoenk
,
A. D.
Jewell
,
T. J.
Jones
,
S.
Nikzad
,
H.
Graafsma
Abstract: The PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager is being developed by DESY, RAL, Elettra, DLS, and PAL to address the challenges at high brilliance Light Sources such as new-generation Synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers. Typical requirements for detector systems at these sources are high frame rates, large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, high quantum efficiency, and (multi)-mega-pixel arrangements. PERCIVAL is a monolithic active pixel sensor, based on CMOS technology. It is designed for the soft X-ray regime and, therefore, it is post-processed in order to achieve high quantum efficiency in its primary energy range (250 eV to 1 keV) . This work will report on the latest experimental results on charge collection efficiency obtained for multiple back-side-illuminated test sensors during two campaigns, at the P04 beam-line at PETRA III, and the CiPo beam-line at Elettra, spanning most of the primary energy range as well as testing the performance for photon-energies below 250 eV . In addition, XPS surface analysis was used to cross-check the obtained results.
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Dec 2016
|
|
Detectors
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A.
Khromova
,
G.
Cautero
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R.
Menk
,
G.
Pinaroli
,
L.
Stebel
,
J.
Correa
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
S.
Lange
,
M.
Tennert
,
M.
Niemann
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
S.
Smoljanin
,
S.
Reza
,
H.
Graafsma
,
P.
Göttlicher
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
J.
Supra
,
Q.
Xia
,
M.
Zimmer
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
T.
Nicholls
,
R.
Turchetta
,
U.
Pedersen
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
K. S.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Rah
,
M. E.
Hoenk
,
A. D.
Jewell
,
T. J.
Jones
,
S.
Nikzad
Abstract: The PERCIVAL (Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large) soft X-ray 2D imaging detector is based on stitched, wafer-scale sensors possessing a thick epi-layer, which together with back-thinning and back-side illumination yields elevated quantum efficiency in the photon energy range of 125–1000 eV. Main application fields of PERCIVAL are foreseen in photon science with FELs and synchrotron radiation. This requires high dynamic range up to 105 ph @ 250 eV paired with single photon sensitivity with high confidence at moderate frame rates in the range of 10–120 Hz. These figures imply the availability of dynamic gain switching on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a highly parallel, low noise analog and digital readout, which has been realized in the PERCIVAL sensor layout. Different aspects of the detector performance have been assessed using prototype sensors with different pixel and ADC types. This work will report on the recent test results performed on the newest chip prototypes with the improved pixel and ADC architecture. For the target frame rates in the 10–120 Hz range an average noise floor of 14e− has been determined, indicating the ability of detecting single photons with energies above 250 eV. Owing to the successfully implemented adaptive 3-stage multiple-gain switching, the integrated charge level exceeds 4 centerdot 106 e− or 57000 X-ray photons at 250 eV per frame at 120 Hz. For all gains the noise level remains below the Poisson limit also in high-flux conditions. Additionally, a short overview over the updates on an oncoming 2 Mpixel (P2M) detector system (expected at the end of 2016) will be reported.
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Nov 2016
|
|
|
|
Rob
Walton
,
Alun
Ashton
,
Mark
Basham
,
Peter
Chang
,
Tom
Cobb
,
S
Da Graca
,
Andrew
Dent
,
Jacob
Filik
,
Matt
Gerring
,
Charles
Mita
,
James
Mudd
,
C M
Palmer
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Paul
Quinn
,
Nick
Rees
Open Access
Abstract: Many synchrotron beamlines offer some form of
continuous scanning for either energy scanning or sample
mapping. However, this is normally done on an ad-hoc
beamline by beamline basis. Diamond has recently
embarked on an ambitious project to define how to
implement continuous scanning as the standard way of
doing virtually all mapping tasks on beamlines. The
project is split into four main areas: 1) User interfaces to
describe the mapping process in a scientifically relevant
way, generating a scan description that can be used later;
2) The physical process of scanning and coordinating
hardware motion and detector data capture across the
beamline; 3) Capture of the detector data and all the
associated meta-data to disk, deciding and describing the
layout of the file (or files) for the main use cases; 4)
Display and analysis of live data and display of processed
data. In order to achieve this common approach across
beamlines, the standard software used throughout the
facility (Delta Tau motor controllers, EPICS, GDA and
DAWN), has been built on.
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Oct 2015
|
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I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing
|
Michael
Drakopoulos
,
Thomas
Connolley
,
Christina
Reinhard
,
Robert
Atwood
,
Oxana
Magdysyuk
,
Nghia
Vo
,
Mike
Hart
,
Leigh
Connor
,
Bob
Humphreys
,
George
Howell
,
Steve
Davies
,
Tim
Hill
,
Guy
Wilkin
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Andrew
Foster
,
Nicoletta
De Maio
,
Mark
Basham
,
Fajin
Yuan
,
Kaz
Wanelik
Open Access
Abstract: I12 is the Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing (JEEP) beamline,
constructed during Phase II of the Diamond Light Source. I12 is located on
a short (5 m) straight section of the Diamond storage ring and uses a 4.2 T
superconducting wiggler to provide polychromatic and monochromatic X-rays
in the energy range 50150 keV. The beam energy enables good penetration
through large or dense samples, combined with a large beam size (1 mrad
horizontally x 0.3 mrad vertically). The beam characteristics permit the study of
materials and processes inside environmental chambers without unacceptable
attenuation of the beam and without the need to use sample sizes which are
atypically small for the process under study. X-ray techniques available to users
are radiography, tomography, energy-dispersive diffraction, monochromatic
and white-beam two-dimensional diffraction/scattering and small-angle X-ray
scattering. Since commencing operations in November 2009, I12 has established
a broad user community in materials science and processing, chemical
processing, biomedical engineering, civil engineering, environmental science,
palaeontology and physics.
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May 2015
|
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Detectors
|
Abstract: An increasing number of area detectors, in use at Diamond Light Source, produce high rates of data. In order to capture, store and process this data High Performance Computing (HPC) systems have been implemented. This paper will present the architecture and usage for handling high rate data: detector data capture, large volume storage and parallel processing. The EPICS area Detector frame work has been adopted to abstract the detectors for common tasks including live processing, file format and storage. The chosen data format is HDF5 which provides multidimensional data storage and NeXuS compatibility. The storage system and related computing infrastructure include: a centralised Lustre based parallel file system, a dedicated network and a HPC cluster. A well defined roadmap is in place for the evolution of this to meet demand as the requirements and technology advances. or processing the science data the HPC cluster allow efficient parallel computing, on a mixture of ×86 and GPU processing units. The nature of the Lustre storage system in combination with the parallel HDF5 library allow efficient disk I/O during computation jobs. Software developments, which include utilising optimised parallel file reading for a variety of post processing techniques, are being developed in collaboration as part of the Pan-Data EU Project (www.pan-data.eu). These are particularly applicable to tomographic reconstruction and processing of non crystalline diffraction data.
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Mar 2013
|
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B16-Test Beamline
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction
|
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate significant improvements to the stability of the monochromatic X-ray beam intensity on several beamlines at Diamond, using a modulation of the pitch axis of the DCM with a piezoelectric actuator. The modulation is detected on an intensity diagnostic (e. g. anion chamber) using a software lock-in technique. The detected amplitude and phase are used in a feedback to keep the DCM at the peak of the rocking curve, or any arbitrary position 'off-peak' which might be desired to detune the DCM and reject unwanted harmonics. A major advantage of this software based system is the great flexibility offered, using standard, readily available instrumentation. Measurements of the short and long-term performance of the feedback on several beamlines are presented, and the limitations of such a feedback are discussed.
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Mar 2013
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