B16-Test Beamline
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Abstract: In this project, we conducted micro-beam sensitivity mapping using the Diamond Light Source (DLS) synchrotron. We fabricated three samples with distinct metal contacts: Platinum (HPS-Pt) and Aluminium/Platinum (HPS-Al/Pt) on high-quality single crystal CVD diamond, and Platinum (VS-Pt) on lower purity single crystal CVD diamond. Our objective was to identify the most suitable sample for synchrotron measurements, particularly focusing on the lower purity sample due to its unique characteristics, such as thin nitrogen lines and substrate area.
High spatial resolution sensitivity maps were obtained for the lower purity sample using a micro step displacement of up to 10 μm, revealing detailed nitrogen lines. We observed that bias polarity significantly influenced the photocurrent, with negative bias yielding higher photocurrents, possibly due to polarisation effects. Near nitrogen lines, we noted a slow rise time and an increased stabilization time with bias, alongside a prolonged decay to dark current.
For the HPS-Al/Pt sample, we found no improvement in current response homogeneity, therefore reliability, with bias; instead, we recorded high dark currents and unstable signals, particularly at negative bias. Conversely, the HPS-Pt sample exhibited a uniform response at both +50V and −50V in the central region of the sensitivity maps. This response became increasingly homogeneous at 100V and further improved up to 200V, suggesting that HPS-Pt is the most suitable candidate for synchrotron measurements.
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Nov 2024
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Detectors
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J.
Correa
,
M.
Mehrjoo
,
R.
Battistelli
,
F.
Lehmkühler
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
T.
Hirono
,
V.
Felk
,
F.
Krivan
,
S.
Lange
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
V.
Vardanyan
,
M.
Zimmer
,
M.
Hoesch
,
K.
Bagschik
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
L.
Stebel
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R. H.
Menk
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
W.
Nichols
,
U.
Pedersen
,
P.
Shikhaliev
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
S. H.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Park
,
K. S.
Kim
,
F.
Orsini
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
F.
Büttner
,
B.
Pfau
,
E.
Plönjes
,
K.
Kharitonov
,
M.
Ruiz-Lopez
,
R.
Pan
,
S.
Gang
,
B.
Keitel
,
H.
Graafsma
Open Access
Abstract: The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
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Jan 2023
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Detectors
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L.
Manzanillas
,
S.
Aplin
,
A.
Balerna
,
P.
Bell
,
J.
Casas
,
M.
Cascella
,
S.
Chatterji
,
C.
Cohen
,
G.
Dennis
,
P.
Fajardo
,
H.
Graafsma
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
K.
Klementiev
,
T.
Kołodziej
,
T.
Martin
,
R.
Menk
,
F.
Orsini
,
M.
Porro
,
M.
Quispe
,
B.
Schmitt
,
N.
Tartoni
,
M.
Turcato
,
C.
Ward
,
E.
Welter
Abstract: In past years efforts have concentrated on the development of arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy. This is in stark contrast to the little effort that has been devoted to the improvement of germanium detectors, in particular for synchrotron applications. Germanium detectors have better energy resolution and are more efficient in detecting high energy photons than silicon detectors. In this context, the detector consortium of the European project LEAPS-INNOV has set an ambitious R&D program devoted to the development of a new generation of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection. In order to improve the performance of the detector under development, simulations of the different detector design options have been performed. In this contribution, the efforts in terms of R&D are outlined with a focus on the modelization of the detector geometry and first performance results. These performance results show that a signal-to-background ratio larger than 1000 can be achieved in the energy range of interest from 5 keV to 100 keV.
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Dec 2022
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Detectors
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Open Access
Abstract: This note shows the evolution of detectors for crystallography at Diamond Light Source since it came into operation and how this evolution shaped the way the experiments are done. It is also highlighted the next detector challenges due to the increase in photon flux related to the planned upgrade of the machine.
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Nov 2022
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Detectors
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F.
Orsini
,
S.
Aplin
,
A.
Balerna
,
P.
Bell
,
J.
Casas
,
M.
Cascella
,
S.
Chatterji
,
C.
Cohen
,
G.
Dennis
,
P.
Fajardo
,
H.
Graafsma
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
K.
Klementiev
,
T.
Kołodziej
,
L.
Manzanillas
,
T.
Martin
,
R.
Menk
,
M.
Porro
,
M.
Quispe
,
B.
Schmitt
,
N.
Tartoni
,
M.
Turcato
,
C.
Ward
,
E.
Welter
Abstract: The high brilliance and coherent beams resulting from recent upgraded synchrotron radiation facilities open the way for a large range of experiments, where detectors play a key role in the techniques and methods developed to fully exploit the upgraded synchrotron. For instance, one of the major limitations of XAFS experiment is the performance of the detectors. In order to be able to measure more challenging samples and to cope with the very high photon flux of the current and future (diffraction limited) sources, technological developments of detectors are necessary. In this framework, the germanium detector developed in the European project LEAPS-INNOV aims at improving several technological aspects. This type of detector represents a very important class of instruments for X-ray spectroscopy due to the fact that they enable to detect efficiently photons of considerable higher energy with respect to silicon detectors. The objective of this project consists in pushing the detector performance beyond the state-of-the-art. Preliminary layout and main choices for the design studies of this new detector are presented in this paper.
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Oct 2022
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Detectors
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David
Omar
,
Giulio
Crevatin
,
Alan
Greer
,
Ian
Horswell
,
Jonathan
Spiers
,
Richard
Plackett
,
Paul
Booker
,
Gale
Lockwood
,
Dan
Beckett
,
Emily
Galvin
,
John
Lipp
,
Michelangelo
Di Palo
,
Mark
Warren
,
Scott
Williams
,
Nicola
Tartoni
Open Access
Abstract: This paper describes the development of the Tristan 10M detector for time resolved synchrotron experiments. Tristan 10M has an unprecedented time resolution (ns time scale) over long duration continuous acquisition (days). The detector is constructed from an array of 160 Timepix3 readout ASIC (about 10 million pixels) flip chip bonded to 10 monolithic silicon sensors which enable it to cover an area large enough to effectively carry out crystallography experiments. The large array of ASICs resulted in a number of severe technical challenges that had to be overcome during the development of the detector. The minimization of the dead area between sensors required the development of a very challenging mechanical and electronic packaging. Such a packaging had to be able to route the large number of data and power lines within the footprint of a sensor, had to effectively sink the heat generated by the ASICs, and had to be able to position the sensors accurately. In addition, the packaging of the detector was designed to be scalable in consideration of possible future larger versions of this detector which added a further challenge. The data driven nature of Timepix3 and the sheer data volume produced by the array of ASICs required us to devise a dedicated hardware, firmware, and software data acquisition architecture. This architecture proved very effective during the commissioning of Tristan10M when time resolved crystallography experiments were carried out.
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Sep 2022
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I19-Small Molecule Single Crystal Diffraction
Detectors
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Open Access
Abstract: Tristan10M is a 10-million-pixel large area detector based on the Timepix3 ASIC. The Timepix3 ASIC can work in event driven mode in addition to the standard frame based mode. Thanks to these capabilities of the Timepix3 ASIC, the Tristan detector is ideal for time-resolved experiments. The Tristan 10M detector is organized in a 2 × 5 module matrix, each module being made up of sixteen Timepix3 chips bump-bonded to a monolithic pixelated silicon sensor. In this contribution, we will report on the status of the detector development, and characterization results in terms of threshold equalization, energy calibration, and flat-field correction. A number of initial commissioning experiments have been carried out on the small molecule single crystal diffraction beamline I19 at Diamond light source, which we will also report on here. In particular, X-ray powder diffraction from a standard sample, LaB6, was performed to evaluate the inter-module alignment based on per-module basis.
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Jul 2022
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B16-Test Beamline
Detectors
Optics
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Abstract: We performed simulations and experimental tests of a new method for improving the spatial resolution of x-ray imaging detectors using tilted angle irradiation. In this method, the x-ray beam arrives at the detector surface at an angle of <90° so that the beam footprint is expanded and the spatial resolution is increased. The proposed method is applicable for imaging with x-rays in the energy range of E = 0.2-15 keV, which is widely used for x-ray microscopy. The tilted angle irradiation technique can be applied to different types of x-ray microscopy detectors, including indirect conversion detectors (which consist of a scintillator optically coupled to the imaging camera), direct conversion detectors (such as CCD- and CMOS-based soft x-ray cameras) and some other semiconductor detectors. The experimental study described here employed an indirect detector configuration where a thin scintillator was optically coupled to an imaging camera via microscope optics. The spatial resolution was improved by a factor of 2.5 by using a tilt angle of 12° for 13.5 keV x-rays. This study will be continued using different xray energies and detector configurations.
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Aug 2021
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Detectors
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Alessandro
Marras
,
Jonathan
Correa
,
Sabine
Lange
,
Vahagn
Vardanyan
,
Tim
Gerhardt
,
Manuela
Kuhn
,
Frantisek
Krivan
,
Igor
Shevyakov
,
Manfred
Zimmer
,
Moritz
Hoesch
,
Kai
Bagschik
,
Frank
Scholz
,
Niccolo
Guerrini
,
Ben
Marsh
,
Iain
Sedgwick
,
Giuseppe
Cautero
,
Dario
Giuressi
,
Gregori
Iztok
,
Ralf H.
Menk
,
Martin
Scarcia
,
Luigi
Stebel
,
Tim
Nicholls
,
William
Nichols
,
Ulrik K.
Pedersen
,
Polad
Shikhaliev
,
Nicola
Tartoni
,
Hyojung
Hyun
,
Seonghan
Kim
,
Kyungsook
Kim
,
Seungyu
Rah
,
Arkadiusz
Dawiec
,
Fabienne
Orsini
,
Giovanni
Pinaroli
,
Alan
Greer
,
Steve
Aplin
,
April D.
Jewell
,
Todd J.
Jones
,
Shouleh
Nikzad
,
Michael E.
Hoenk
,
Frank
Okrent
,
Heinz
Graafsma
,
Cornelia B.
Wunderer
Open Access
Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.
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Jan 2021
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Detectors
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Open Access
Abstract: At synchrotron facilities, many X-ray imaging and diffraction experiments require pixel detectors with minimal noise, high speed and reasonably small pixel size, all of which can be achieved with the Medipix ASIC family. So, ESRF, Diamond Light Source and DESY have developed detector systems based on Medipix. In this paper, we report on these developments, with an emphasis on the challenges involved building readout systems and the potential of the Medipix family ASICs in this field of research.
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Oct 2020
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