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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Simultaneous structural and electronic transitions in epitaxial VO2/TiO2(001) Galo J. Paez , Christopher N. Singh , Matthew J. Wahila , Keith E. Tirpak , Nicholas F. Quackenbush , Shawn Sallis , Hanjong Paik , Yufeng Liang , Darrell G. Schlom , Tien-Lin Lee , Christoph Schlueter , Wei-Cheng Lee , Louis F. J. Piper Physical Review Letters 124 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.196402 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13812, 25355] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Recent reports have identified new metaphases of VO 2 with strain and/or doping, suggesting the structural phase transition and the metal-to-insulator transition might be decoupled. Using epitaxially strained VO 2 / Ti O 2 (001) thin films, which display a bulklike abrupt metal-to-insulator transition and rutile to monoclinic transition structural phase transition, we employ x-ray standing waves combined with hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the structural and electronic transitions. This x-ray standing waves study elegantly demonstrates the structural and electronic transitions occur concurrently within experimental limits (±1K).	May 2020
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Direct observation of delithiation as the origin of analog memristance in LixNbO2 Sebastian A. Howard , Christopher N. Singh , Galo J. Paez , Matthew Wahila , Linda W. Wangoh , Shawn Sallis , Keith Tirpak , Yufeng Liang , David Prendergast , Mateusz Zuba , Jatinkumar Rana , Alex Weidenbach , Timothy M. Mccrone , Wanli Yang , Tien-Lin Lee , Fanny Rodolakis , William Doolittle , Wei-Cheng Lee , Louis F. J. Piper Apl Materials 7 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108525 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20647] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The discovery of analog LixNbO2 memristors revealed a promising new memristive mechanism wherein the diffusion of Li+ rather than O2− ions enables precise control of the resistive states. However, directly correlating lithium concentration with changes to the electronic structure in active layers remains a challenge and is required to truly understand the underlying physics. Chemically delithiated single crystals of LiNbO2 present a model system for correlating lithium variation with spectroscopic signatures from operando soft x-ray spectroscopy studies of device active layers. Using electronic structure modeling of the x-ray spectroscopy of LixNbO2 single crystals, we demonstrate that the intrinsic memristive behavior in LixNbO2 active layers results from field-induced degenerate p-type doping. We show that electrical operation of LixNbO2-based memristors is viable even at marginal Li deficiency and that the analog memristive switching occurs well before the system is fully metallic. This study serves as a benchmark for material synthesis and characterization of future LixNbO2-based memristor devices and suggests that valence change switching is a scalable alternative that circumvents the electroforming typically required for filamentary-based memristors.	Jul 2019

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