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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction Tomas Ekeberg , Dameli Assalauova , Johan Bielecki , Rebecca Boll , Benedikt J. Daurer , Lutz A. Eichacker , Linda E. Franken , Davide E. Galli , Luca Gelisio , Lars Gumprecht , Laura H. Gunn , Janos Hajdu , Robert Hartmann , Dirk Hasse , Alexandr Ignatenko , Jayanath Koliyadu , Olena Kulyk , Ruslan Kurta , Markus Kuster , Wolfgang Lugmayr , Jannik Lübke , Adrian P. Mancuso , Tommaso Mazza , Carl Nettelblad , Yevheniy Ovcharenko , Daniel E. Rivas , Max Rose , Amit K. Samanta , Philipp Schmidt , Egor Sobolev , Nicusor Timneanu , Sergey Usenko , Daniel Westphal , Tamme Wollweber , Lena Worbs , Paul Lourdu Xavier , Hazem Yousef , Kartik Ayyer , Henry N. Chapman , Jonas A. Sellberg , Carolin Seuring , Ivan A. Vartanyants , Jochen Küpper , Michael Meyer , Filipe R. N. C. Maia Light: Science & Applications 13 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01352-7 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired many. It was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron lasers. According to theory, the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier, and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably explodes. This was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant mimivirus. Since then, a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be imaged. The ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations, while keeping the sample at room temperature, may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of macromolecules. Here we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein, that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays, and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single proteins. From the pattern, it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the protein. Our experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins, opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.	Jan 2024
	Diffraction data from aerosolized Coliphage PR772 virus particles imaged with the Linac Coherent Light Source Haoyuan Li , Reza Nazari , Brian Abbey , Roberto Alvarez , Andrew Aquila , Kartik Ayyer , Anton Barty , Peter Berntsen , Johan Bielecki , Alberto Pietrini , Maximilian Bucher , Gabriella Carini , Henry N. Chapman , Alice Contreras , Benedikt J. Daurer , Hasan Demirci , Leonie Flűckiger , Matthias Frank , Janos Hajdu , Max F. Hantke , Brenda G. Hogue , Ahmad Hosseinizadeh , Mark S. Hunter , H. Olof Jönsson , Richard A. Kirian , Ruslan P. Kurta , Duane Loh , Filipe R. N. C. Maia , Adrian P. Mancuso , Andrew J. Morgan , Matthew Mcfadden , Kerstin Muehlig , Anna Munke , Hemanth Kumar Narayana Reddy , Carl Nettelblad , Abbas Ourmazd , Max Rose , Peter Schwander , M. Marvin Seibert , Jonas A. Sellberg , Raymond G. Sierra , Zhibin Sun , Martin Svenda , Ivan A. Vartanyants , Peter Walter , Daniel Westphal , Garth Williams , P. Lourdu Xavier , Chun Hong Yoon , Sahba Zaare Scientific Data 7 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00745-2 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Single Particle Imaging (SPI) with intense coherent X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has the potential to produce molecular structures without the need for crystallization or freezing. Here we present a dataset of 285,944 diffraction patterns from aerosolized Coliphage PR772 virus particles injected into the femtosecond X-ray pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Additional exposures with background information are also deposited. The diffraction data were collected at the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Instrument (AMO) of the LCLS in 4 experimental beam times during a period of four years. The photon energy was either 1.2 or 1.7 keV and the pulse energy was between 2 and 4 mJ in a focal spot of about 1.3 μm x 1.7 μm full width at half maximum (FWHM). The X-ray laser pulses captured the particles in random orientations. The data offer insight into aerosolised virus particles in the gas phase, contain information relevant to improving experimental parameters, and provide a basis for developing algorithms for image analysis and reconstruction.	Nov 2020
	Segmented flow generator for serial crystallography at the European X-ray free electron laser Austin Echelmeier , Jorvani Cruz Villarreal , Marc Messerschmidt , Daihyun Kim , Jesse D. Coe , Darren Thifault , Sabine Botha , Ana Egatz-Gomez , Sahir Gandhi , Gerrit Brehm , Chelsie E. Conrad , Debra T. Hansen , Caleb Madsen , Saša Bajt , J. Domingo Meza-Aguilar , Dominik Oberthuer , Max O. Wiedorn , Holger Fleckenstein , Derek Mendez , Juraj Knoška , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Hao Hu , Stella Lisova , Aschkai Allahgoli , Yaroslav Gevorkov , Kartik Ayyer , Steve Aplin , Helen M. Ginn , Heinz Graafsma , Andrew J. Morgan , Dominic Greiffenberg , Alexander Klujev , Torsten Laurus , Jennifer Poehlsen , Ulrich Trunk , Davide Mezza , Bernd Schmitt , Manuela Kuhn , Raimund Fromme , Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz , Natascha Raab , Steffen Hauf , Alessandro Silenzi , Thomas Michelat , Chen Xu , Cyril Danilevski , Andrea Parenti , Leonce Mekinda , Britta Weinhausen , Grant Mills , Patrik Vagovic , Yoonhee Kim , Henry Kirkwood , Richard Bean , Johan Bielecki , Stephan Stern , Klaus Giewekemeyer , Adam Round , Joachim Schulz , Katerina Dörner , Thomas D. Grant , Valerio Mariani , Anton Barty , Adrian P. Mancuso , Uwe Weierstall , John C. H. Spence , Henry N. Chapman , Nadia Zatsepin , Petra Fromme , Richard A. Kirian , Alexandra Ros Nature Communications 11 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18156-7 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allows structure determination of membrane proteins and time-resolved crystallography. Common liquid sample delivery continuously jets the protein crystal suspension into the path of the XFEL, wasting a vast amount of sample due to the pulsed nature of all current XFEL sources. The European XFEL (EuXFEL) delivers femtosecond (fs) X-ray pulses in trains spaced 100 ms apart whereas pulses within trains are currently separated by 889 ns. Therefore, continuous sample delivery via fast jets wastes >99% of sample. Here, we introduce a microfluidic device delivering crystal laden droplets segmented with an immiscible oil reducing sample waste and demonstrate droplet injection at the EuXFEL compatible with high pressure liquid delivery of an SFX experiment. While achieving ~60% reduction in sample waste, we determine the structure of the enzyme 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase from microcrystals delivered in droplets revealing distinct structural features not previously reported.	Sep 2020
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	Megahertz serial crystallography Max O. Wiedorn , Dominik Oberthuer , Richard Bean , Robin Schubert , Nadine Werner , Brian Abbey , Martin Aepfelbacher , Luigi Adriano , Aschkan Allahgholi , Nasser Al-Qudami , Jakob Andreasson , Steve Aplin , Salah Awel , Kartik Ayyer , Saša Bajt , Imrich Barák , Sadia Bari , Johan Bielecki , Sabine Botha , Djelloul Boukhelef , Wolfgang Brehm , Sandor Brockhauser , Igor Cheviakov , Matthew A. Coleman , Francisco Cruz-Mazo , Cyril Danilevski , Connie Darmanin , R. Bruce Doak , Martin Domaracky , Katerina Dörner , Yang Du , Hans Fangohr , Holger Fleckenstein , Matthias Frank , Petra Fromme , Alfonso M. Gañán-Calvo , Yaroslav Gevorkov , Klaus Giewekemeyer , Helen Mary Ginn , Heinz Graafsma , Rita Graceffa , Dominic Greiffenberg , Lars Gumprecht , Peter Göttlicher , Janos Hajdu , Steffen Hauf , Michael Heymann , Susannah Holmes , Daniel A. Horke , Mark S. Hunter , Siegfried Imlau , Alexander Kaukher , Yoonhee Kim , Alexander Klyuev , Juraj Knoška , Bostjan Kobe , Manuela Kuhn , Christopher Kupitz , Jochen Küpper , Janine Mia Lahey-Rudolph , Torsten Laurus , Karoline Le Cong , Romain Letrun , P. Lourdu Xavier , Luis Maia , Filipe R. N. C. Maia , Valerio Mariani , Marc Messerschmidt , Markus Metz , Davide Mezza , Thomas Michelat , Grant Mills , Diana C. F. Monteiro , Andrew Morgan , Kerstin Mühlig , Anna Munke , Astrid Münnich , Julia Nette , Keith A. Nugent , Theresa Nuguid , Allen M. Orville , Suraj Pandey , Gisel Pena , Pablo Villanueva-Perez , Jennifer Poehlsen , Gianpietro Previtali , Lars Redecke , Winnie Maria Riekehr , Holger Rohde , Adam Round , Tatiana Safenreiter , Iosifina Sarrou , Tokushi Sato , Marius Schmidt , Bernd Schmitt , Robert Schönherr , Joachim Schulz , Jonas A. Sellberg , M. Marvin Seibert , Carolin Seuring , Megan L. Shelby , Robert L. Shoeman , Marcin Sikorski , Alessandro Silenzi , Claudiu A. Stan , Xintian Shi , Stephan Stern , Jola Sztuk-Dambietz , Janusz Szuba , Aleksandra Tolstikova , Martin Trebbin , Ulrich Trunk , Patrik Vagovic , Thomas Ve , Britta Weinhausen , Thomas A. White , Krzysztof Wrona , Chen Xu , Oleksandr Yefanov , Nadia Zatsepin , Jiaguo Zhang , Markus Perbandt , Adrian P. Mancuso , Christian Betzel , Henry Chapman , Anton Barty Nature Communications 9 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06156-7 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.	Oct 2018
	Femtosecond X-ray coherent diffraction of aligned amyloid fibrils on low background graphene Carolin Seuring , Kartik Ayyer , Eleftheria Filippaki , Miriam Barthelmess , Jean-Nicolas Longchamp , Philippe Ringler , Tommaso Pardini , David H. Wojtas , Matthew A. Coleman , Katerina Dörner , Silje Fuglerud , Greger Hammarin , Birgit Habenstein , Annette E. Langkilde , Antoine Loquet , Alke Meents , Roland Riek , Henning Stahlberg , Sébastien Boutet , Mark S. Hunter , Jason Koglin , Mengning Liang , Helen M. Ginn , Rick P. Millane , Matthias Frank , Anton Barty , Henry N. Chapman Nature Communications 9 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04116-9 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here we present a new approach to diffraction imaging of amyloid fibrils, combining a free-standing graphene support and single nanofocused X-ray pulses of femtosecond duration from an X-ray free-electron laser. Due to the very low background scattering from the graphene support and mutual alignment of filaments, diffraction from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) filaments and amyloid protofibrils is obtained to 2.7 Å and 2.4 Å resolution in single diffraction patterns, respectively. Some TMV diffraction patterns exhibit asymmetry that indicates the presence of a limited number of axial rotations in the XFEL focus. Signal-to-noise levels from individual diffraction patterns are enhanced using computational alignment and merging, giving patterns that are superior to those obtainable from synchrotron radiation sources. We anticipate that our approach will be a starting point for further investigations into unsolved structures of filaments and other weakly scattering objects.	May 2018

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