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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Time course changes to structural, mechanical and material properties of bone in rats after complete spinal cord injury Jonathan A. Williams , Carmen Huesa , Mikael J. Turunen , James A. Oo , Oskars Radzins , Wilf Gardner , James F. C. Windmill , Hanna Isaksson , K. Elizabeth Tanner , John. S. Riddell , Sylvie Coupaud Journal Of Musculoskeletal And Neuronal Interactions 22, 212-234 PMID: 35642701 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [15102] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats. Methods: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10- or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: The trabecular and cortical bone responses to SCI are site-specific. Metaphyseal trabecular BV/TV was 59% lower, characterised by fewer and thinner trabeculae at 2-weeks post-SCI, while epiphyseal BV/TV was 23% lower with maintained connectivity. At later-time points, metaphyseal BV/TV remained unchanged, while epiphyseal BV/TV increased. The total area of metaphyseal and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone were lower from 2-weeks and between 6- and 10-weeks post-SCI, respectively. This suggested that SCI-induced bone changes observed in the rat model were not solely attributable to bone loss, but also to suppressed bone growth. No tissue mineral density differences were observed at any time-point, suggesting that decreased whole-bone mechanical properties were primarily the result of changes to the spatial distribution of bone. Conclusion: Young SCI rat trabecular bone changes resemble those observed clinically in adult and paediatric SCI, while cortical bone changes resemble paediatric SCI only.	Jun 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Multiscale characterization of embryonic long bone mineralization in mice Isabella Silva Barreto , Sophie Le Cann , Saima Ahmed , Vivien Sotiriou , Mikael J. Turunen , Ulf Johansson , Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez , Tilman A. Grünewald , Marianne Liebi , Niamh C. Nowlan , Hanna Isaksson Advanced Science 143 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002524 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14789, 16557] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone‐like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone‐scale down to sub‐nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high‐resolution synchrotron‐based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro‐ and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.	Sep 2020
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Multi-scale and multi-modal investigation of the onset of mineralization in embryonic mouse long bones Sophie Le Cann , Isabella Silva Barreto , Adam Urga , Vivien Sotiriou , Aurelie Levillain , Mikael J. Turunen , Marianne Liebi , Andrew J. Bodey , Ulf Johansson , Niamh Nowlan , Hanna Isaksson ORS 2019 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Long bone mineralization develops through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template is replaced by mineralized bone. From the primary ossification center in the middle of the long bone, mineralization progresses during growth in both directions at the growth plates. While the basic sequence of bone formation during embryogenesis is known, almost no detailed characterization of early developing and new mineralized tissue and bone has been conducted. This project aims to characterize the most important steps in early mineralization of the skeleton, using a multi-scale and multi-modal approach. More specifically, bone mineralization in the embryonic mouse humerus is studied from the anatomical down to the compositional and structural level using a range of novel high-resolution imaging methods based on high-intensity x-rays (synchrotron).	Feb 2019

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